Stem-Gerlach

Stem-Gerlach experiment The demonstration of the quantization of electron spin by passing a beam of atoms through a magnetic field, stick structure See line structure. stock solution A solution stored in concentrated form, stoichiometric coefficients The numbers multiplying chemical formulas in a chemical equation. 

The Stem-Gerlach experiment shows that the magnetic moment of each... 

An analysis of the Stem-Gerlach experiment also contributes to the interpretation of the wave function. When an atom escapes from the high-temperature oven, its magnetic moment is randomly oriented. Before this atom interacts with the magnetic field, its wave function is the weighted sum of two possible states a and / ... 

The interpretation of the various arrangements in the Stem-Gerlach experi-... 

Exercise 10.13 Design an experiment with a Stem-Gerlach machine to distinguish these two states ... 

Consider, for example, the measurement of the spin of a spin-1/2 particle via a Stem-Gerlach machine oriented along an arbitrary axis. Let [co ci] be the point in projective space corresponding to the positive axis of the Stem-Gerlach machine. Then a spin-up measurement corresponds to the onedimensional subspace VTup of spanned by (co, Ci) while a spin-down measurement corresponds (by Exercise 10.7) to the one-dimensional sub-... 

The Stem-Gerlach experiment demonstrated that electrons have an intrinsic angular momentum in addition to their orbital angular momentum, and the unfortunate term electron spin was coined to describe this pure quantum-mechanical phenomenon. Many nuclei also possess an internal angular momentum, referred to as nuclear spin. As in classical mechanics, there is a relationship between the angular momentum and the magnetic moment. For electrons, we write... 

When atoms are placed in a magnetic field, the energy levels of the electrons split into more than one component These splittings are small (no more than 10 3 eV, even in strong magnetic fields), but can be seen in the line spectra of atoms this is called the Zeeman effect. There are other manifestations. For example, in an inhomogeneous (i.e. non-uniform) field, a beam of atoms can be deflected, and splits into several components this is the Stem-Gerlach experiment, and is illustrated in Fig. 5.5. 

Fig. 5.5 the Stem-Gerlach experiment, showing a beam of atoms splitting into two on passing Ihrough an inhomogeneous field generated by specially shaped pole pieces. 

In the last decade, magnetic nanoclusters with diameters of 1-10 nm and containing tens-to-thousands of atoms have been of great interest because their properties are critically dependent on size [4-10]. The total magnetic moment in free Fe, Co, and Ni clusters was determined as a function of size by measuring their Stem-Gerlach deflections [4, 5, 9], For example, at a low temperature of 120 K, for small Fe clusters (25 < N < 130 atoms), the moment was found to be 3 per atom, which is considerably higher than... 

Young s double-slit experiment and the Stem-Gerlach experiment, as described in the two previous sections, lead to a physical interpretation of the wave function associated with the motion of a particle. Basic to the concept of the wave function is the postulate that the wave function contains all the... 

Na, Na2 and Na3 separated from a Na beam by a Stem-Gerlach magnet have been collected in a krypton matrix in high purity. The electronic spectra are discussed. 

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