Steel, fittings

Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded, requires that the wall thickness of the socket must be equal to or greater than 1.25 times the minimum pipe wall. 

As described in U.S. Patent 2,916,485 12 liters of a nutrient medium having the following composition is placed in a 30 liter fermentor equipped with stainless steel fittings including sparger, impeller, baffles and sampling lines and the medium is sterilized by heating at 121°C for two hours. 

Table 35.3 Pressure loss through steel fittings - equivalent pipe lengths...

ASME B16.11, Forged steel fittings, socket-weiding and threaded. 

Carbon steel fittings, valves, and flanged components ASTM A105 and ASTM A181. 

Stainless steel fittings, valves and flanged components ASTM A 182, Type 316L. 

Health authorities have warned against the use of copper or stainless steel fittings in contact with the lead piping that is still found in domestic plumbing in some older houses in Britain. 

Once the extraction is complete, the dead-ended valve is repositioned to allow flow. Subsequently, pressure and density are rapidly reduced to prevent significant losses of the supercritical fluid and the extraction effluent is transferred for collection. With a non-restricted transfer, the flow of supercritical fluid effluent is rapid. This rapid depressurization was made possible by the invention of a delivery nozzle which would ensure collection of the extracted solutes without losses. It consists of a small inverted polyethylene delivery funnel, a few common stainless steel fittings and a spring. No loss of the extracted solutes and modifier has been observed with the use of this nozzle. 

The nozzle consists of an expansion chamber and tube (common stainless steel fittings), a shock absorber (spring) and splash prevention cover (a small inverted polyethylene delivery funnel). In a 12 vessel extraction scheme, two nozzles are used for each pair of vessels. 

Dolan and Hall [148] have described a Coulson electrolytic conductivity detector of enhanced sensitivity for the gas chromatographic determination of chlorinated insecticides in the presence of PCBs. The detector was modified by the replacement of the silicone-rubber septum and stainless steel fitting at the exit of the pyrolysis furnace with PTFE fitting, by the reduction in diameter of the PTFE transfer tube, and by the... 

As already stated, in this book a detector is considered to be composed of a sensor and associated electronics. In this context the sensor unit is commonly referred to as the FID itself A diagram of the FID sensor is shown in figure 1. The body and the cylindrical electrode is usually made of stainless steel and stainless steel fittings connect the detector to the appropriate gas supplies. The jet and the electrodes are insulated from the main body of the sensor with appropriate high temperature insulators. 

Fig. 4 Automatic orbital welder in the process of joining two long tangent stainless steel fittings.

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