Stearoyl chloride, derivative

There are some problems associated with the use of functional derivatives of carboxylic acids. Long-chain acid anhydrides are not commercially available, and one half of the acylation reagent is not utilized. Acyl chlorides require the use of tertiary base catalysts, whose double role has been explained before. Some of the intermediate acyl ammonium compounds formed are, however, insoluble in the solvent system. Examples include RCO - N+EtsCL in LiCl/DMAc, where RCO refers to the propionyl, hexanoyl, and stearoyl moiety, respectively. Hexanoyl- and stearoyl-pyridinium chlorides are also insoluble in the same solvent system [185]. 

Other esters such as the benzoyl,108 stearoyl,101 oleoyl,101 can be prepared by treating xylan with the appropriate chloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, pyridine or quinoline. These derivatives have not been characterized, perhaps because of their insoluble nature. 

Sarcosinate surfactants are derived from natural fatty acids and an amino acid, sarcosine (A -methyl glycine). Typically the sarcosinate is used in the form of its sodium, potassium, or ammonium salt solution. A -Acyl sarcosinates are produced commercially by the Schotten-Baumann reaction of the sodium salt of sarcosine with the appropriate fatty acid chloride under carefully controlled conditions. The commercially available sarcosinate surfactants are cocoyl sarcosine, lauroyl sarcosine, myristoyl sarcosine, oleoyl sarcosine, stearoyl sarcosine, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium myristoyl sarcosinate, ammonium lauroyl sarcosinate, TEA lauroyl sarcosinate, ammonium cocoyl sarcosinate, monoethanolamine cocoyl sarcosinate, and TEA oleoyl cocoyl sarcosinate. 

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