Steam generation test methods

It has developed a real time method to compare successive non-destructive inspections of the steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants. Each tube provides a safety barrier between the primary and secondary coolant circuits. Each steam generator contains several thousands of tubes whose structural integrity must be ensured through the lifetime of the plant, Therefore, Laborelec performs extensive nondestructive tests after each plant outage. 

One additional source conducted a test on performance at a waste-wood boiler burning TDF that included results on steam generated and boiler efficiency using the heat-loss method for varied fuel mixes.2 Although the test summary notes that emissions testing was done, the results were not obtained. Nevertheless, one of the conclusions of the test report was that TDF had no environmental disadvantages when compared with the supplemental coal used during the tests.2... 

Similar results, heat balances plus calculated efficiencies, are given in Table VI for seven additional tests. Results from LSF-31 are included for comparison. The results for all eight tests are considered satisfactory based on the error analysis mentioned above. For those tests where the enthalpy balance closes within + 2.556, either method for calculating efficiency may be used for the other four tests, the heat loss method value should be selected. Thermal performance of the unit — the steam generating capacity compared to the Btu input — appears to be similar for all eight tests. 

The steam generator is filled half full with water and then heated to produce steam. 50 to 80 grams of whole cloves are ground in a mortar and pestle and then placed in the sample flask. The clove oil then is removed by steam distillation and collected in a receiving flask. The collected material usually will be a milky white or light yellow suspension and will eventually yield a few small drops of clove oil. Five different methods then will be tested to break this emulsion. 

Examination of the failed modules has shown that the most likely reason of a sodium-water reaction is a manufacturing fault failed to be found during anufacturer s tests using applicable inspection methods.Over a total period of operation a series of the following activities on the steam generators has been fulfilled aiming at improvement of their reliability ... 

Bond graph-based quantitative FDI methods use ARRs [45 8], parameter estimation in the case of multiple simultaneous faults [46, 49], or observers [34]. Recently, bond graph-based FDI has been applied to various systems such as an industrial steam generator [50], an industrial chemical reactor [51], a mobile robot test bed [52], or an intelligent autonomous vehicle [53]. 

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