State of innocence

Grant, Bruce. 2001. New Moscow Monuments, or, States of Innocence. American Ethnologist 28(2) 332-62. 

Here, time turns in upon itself the utopian instinct is revealed to be little more than a longing to undo the burden of adult knowledge and return to a prelapsarian state of innocence and contentment. Platonov was not alone in this view throughout We, Zamiatin portrays D-503 s fear of true knowledge (as represented by his terror on learning of the existence of irrational numbers and, in particular, the conundrum of V-i) and his ultimate desire to conform as indicative of his philosophical puerility. Similarly, the frequent references to the story of Adam and Eve posit a tension between a... 

Is there a "universal ionic liquid at the present state of development The answer is clearly no. Many of the ionic liquids commonly in use have very different physical and chemical properties (see Chapter 3) and it is absolutely impossible that one type of ionic liquid could be used for all synthetic applications described in Chapters 5-8. In view of the different possible roles of the ionic liquid in a given synthetic application (e.g., as catalyst, co-catalyst, or innocent solvent) this point is quite obvious. However, some properties, such as nonvolatility, are universal for all ionic liquids. So the answer becomes, if the property that you want is common to all ionic liquids, then any one will do. If not, you will require the ionic liquid that meets your needs. 

The enzymatic reactions of peroxidases and oxygenases involve a two-electron oxidation of iron(III) and the formation of highly reactive [Fe O] " species with a formal oxidation state of +V. Direct (spectroscopic) evidence of the formation of a genuine iron(V) compound is elusive because of the short life times of the reactive intermediates [173, 174]. These species have been safely inferred from enzymatic considerations as the active oxidants for several oxidation reactions catalyzed by nonheme iron centers with innocent, that is, redox-inactive, ligands [175]. This conclusion is different from those known for heme peroxidases and oxygenases... 

The terms innocent and noninnocent ligands are widely used to emphasize the fact that some ligands do not necessarily possess a closed-shell configuration. These terms can be used meaningfully only in conjunction with the spectroscopic oxidation state of the metal ion. In this book, we generally refer to spectroscopic oxidation numbers, unless stated differently. 

Since the discovery of the first organic conductors based on TTF, [TTF]C1 in 1972 [38] and TTF - TCNQ in 1973 [39], TTF has been the elementary building block of hundreds of conducting salts [40] (1) charge-transfer salts if an electron acceptor such as TCNQ is used, and (2) cation radical salts when an innocent anion is introduced by electrocrystallization [41]. In both cases, a mixed-valence state of the TTF is required to allow for a metallic conductivity (Scheme 5), as the fully oxidized salts of TTF+ cation radicals most often either behave as Mott insulators (weakly interacting spins) or associate into... 

Today, to a large measure, the burden of proof still falls upon the accuser, and that ephemeral and undocumented "presumption of innocence" concept provides some measure of protection. They, the accusors, must prove you are guilty. But, as the legal structure drifts from the criminal statutes to the regulatory statutes, this protection is lost. You must prove that you are innocent. The perfect example is the random urine test, which demands, without any probable cause, that you prove that you do not have drugs in you. There is no presumption of innocence. This has been the sad state of our income tax laws for years, and now it is becoming a reality in our drug laws. Prove to the court that you didn t know that these mushrooms were psychoactive Shades of the Inquisitions of a few hundred years ago. Or the Salem travesties of more recent times. Prove to us you are not a witch. 

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