Starvation metabolic signals

The 31P signal of phosphates in cells and tissues can be followed by 31P NMR spectroscopy. This technique has been used to study the effects of exercise and oxygen starvation on the metabolism of phosphate esters such as ATP. 

Michael MD, Kulkami RN, Postic C et al. (2000) Loss of insulin signaling in hepatocytes leads to severe insulin resistance and progressive hepatic dysfunction. Mol Cell 6 87-97 Neumann-Haefelin C, Beha A, Kuhlmann J et al. (2004) Muscle-type specific intramyocellular and hepatic lipid metabolism during starvation in Wistar rats. Diabetes 53 528-534... 

Analysis of regulatory networks involved in the adaptation of the metabolism of microorganisms to various environmental conditions, such as starvation, revealed the particular importance of nucleotides and amino acids. These compounds function as signals for starvation, precursors in metabolic pathways, energy sources or are involved in enz3une activity regulation [10,32,33,42,44,110-112]. They are usually determined off -line by HPLC [8,10,32,33,42,44,112], as chromatographic or electrophoretic determinations allow the simultaneous determination of all compounds of... 

In other situations, stress factors such as emotional disturbances, fasting, starvation, or diabetes, are signals to the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which acts both alone on tissues and stimulates secretion of other stress hormones by the adrenal glands. The net effects of these stress-responsive hormones are the tearing down (catabolism) of fat, muscle, and/or bone tissues, so as to provide essential nutrients for metabolism. 

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