Stark term

The solvent Stark term developed by Baur and Nicols 9) reflects the same qualitative interactions as the reaction field term, however, it concerns the situation when the solute is less polar (in the ideal case non-polar) than the surrounding solvent. Correlations with Stark effects are usually recognized as linear relations to the term... 

In order to determine into how many Stark terms a given energy level splits when put into a ligand field without making a detailed calculation of the values, the group-theoretical methods of Bethe (66) are convenient. In this method it is noted that the spherical harmonics transform according to the Ith irreducible repre-... 

Transformation of coordinates for the Zeeman and Stark terms in the total Hamiltonian... 

The latter term is gauge independent, i.e. does not contain the vector potential, and, therefore, fully deserves the interpretation of an additional potential term for the internal motion with the kinetic energy at Eq. (6). Apart from the constant the potential contains two coordinate dependent parts. The term linear in the coordinates — ] (K x B)r consists of two Stark terms one which is due to the external electric field E and a second one which is a motional Stark... 

As a consequence of the collective motion of the neutral system across the homogeneous magnetic field, a motional Stark term with a constant electric field arises. This Stark term inherently couples the center of mass and internal degrees of freedom and hence any change of the internal dynamics leaves its fingerprints on the dynamics of the center of mass. In particular the transition from regularity to chaos in the classical dynamics of the internal motion is accompanied in the center of mass motion by a transition from bounded oscillations to an unbounded diffusional motion. Since these observations are based on classical dynamics, it is a priori not clear whether the observed classical diffusion will survive quantization. From both the theoretical as well as experimental point of view a challenging question is therefore whether quantum interference effects will lead to a suppression of the diffusional motion, i.e. to quantum localization, or not. 

While the underrepresentation of women in engineering is an obvious fact -although there are various explanations - the lack of interest of the young people in science and technology is a much more controversial statement. While the media seem to listen and spread the alarmist statements coming from business world and from the field of education, scholars who study this question do not assert in such stark terms this lack of interest in the sciences. 

---