Homogeneous magnetic fields

Secondary ions are accelerated from the surface to an energy E. After passing an entrance slit different masses are forced to different radial paths in the homogeneous magnetic field. Only mass m ( Am) defined by ... 

To study NMR spectra of compounds, apparatus is required that consists of three sets of components. These are a radio-frequency transmitter, a homogeneous magnetic field and a radio-frequency receiver. In addition to these, the apparatus includes a unit to sweep the magnetic field over a small range, a mere few parts per million. 

We consider a molecular system, placed in a strong homogeneous magnetic field Bcxl. The total magnetic field throughout space will be equal to this external field plus a small correction B"ld induced by the system s electronic structure, which will be inhomogeneous in space ... 

The assumption of a characteristic line pattern for lipids is justified by the fact that IMCL, EMCL, and other adipose tissue in subcutaneous fat tissue or in tibial bone marrow are known to consist mainly of a very similar composition of fatty acid triglycerides. The characteristic line pattern A is indirectly determined by recording a reference lipid spectrum (R) out of a lipid compartment with a relatively homogenous magnetic field described by a normal distribution, i.e., a Gaussian function G. That means R can be written as... 

Fig. I. Courses of electrun beams in a homogeneous magnetic field...

Q The spin of a proton can have two orientations with respect to the direction of a homogeneous magnetic field, either spin up or spin down , often represented by the arrows T or j, respectively. In an NMR experiment, the two orientations have different energies. Let us now consider how many possible spin combinations there are for two and for three equivalent protons, and then derive the result for n equivalent protons. 

A spin system placed in a constant homogeneous magnetic field B0 finally attains thermal equilibrium with the lattice. This relaxation is induced by fluctuations of local magnetic fields which result from molecular motions. At equilibrium, the spin system is described by the equilibrium density matrix p0 ... 

PENNING TRAP A different approach to mass measurements was developed at Mainz. Thermal ions can be confined in a static homogenous magnetic field and a superimposed electrostatic quadrupole field. A measurement of the cyclotron frequency enables the measurement of the mass of the stored ion. A resolving 6 8 -7 -8... 

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