Stapled synthesis

Forward, J.M., Fackler, J.P. and Staples, R.J. (1995) Synthesis and structural characterization of the luminescent Gold(I) Complex [(MeTPAJjAulJIj. Use of NaBPha as a phenyl transfer reagent to form [(MeTPA)AuPh](BPh4) and (TPA) AuPh. Organometallics, 14, 4194—4198. 

St. Leger, R. J., Butt, T. M., Staples, R. C., and Roberts, D. W. (1989). Synthesis of proteins including a cuticle-degrading protease during differentiation of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Experimental Mycology, 13, 253-262. 

One of these spontaneous mutants gave rise to the precious sticky rice of Thailand. The sticky rice lacks the starch amylose, which constitutes up to 30% of the total starch in nonsticky rice endosperm. The lack of amylose is due to a mutation in a gene called Waxy, which encodes an enzyme required for amylose synthesis (Sano 1984). Sticky rice is an important culinary and cultural component throughout East Asia and is used in festival foods and desserts. In upland regions of Southeast Asia, it is a staple food in many homes. Ten percent of the rice traded each year is sticky rice. 

Wang, R., Zheng, Z., Jin, T., and Staples, R.J. (1999) Coord chemistry oflanthanides at high pH synthesis and structure of the pentadecanuclear complex of europium(III) with tyrosine. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 38, 1813-1815. 

The use of reversible redox systems as initiators allows to intensify the periodic grafting process66,86 and to develop a continuous technology for the synthesis of modified fibres. For instance, when using such systems, the rate of AN grafting to viscose staple fibre (Table 5) may be as high as 70% PAN of the cellulose mass per minute. 

Penicillium species produce various mycotoxins. Strains of Penicillium citreo-viride, which infect rice, produce the mycotoxin, dtreoviridin (9.20). This compound is the cause of a condition known as cardiac beriberi , which is characterized by cardiovascular disorders, difficulty in breathing and nausea. The mechanism of action involves the inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Cardiac beriberi was a serious infection of people eating rice as a staple diet, causing many fatalities until the origin was identified. 

Kim Y-W, Grossmann TN, Verdine GL (2011) Synthesis of all-hydrocarbon stapled a-helical peptides by ring-closing olefin metathesis. Nat Protocol 6 761-771... 

The Fischer indole synthesis has been the staple of assembling indoles for over a century. However, it does not work for ALL substrates. Propose a reasonable mechanism explaining why some Fischer indolizations... 

An alternative linker strategy recently employed in the synthesis of stapled peptides is through the incorporation of a triazole bridge, which was constructed through azido-acetylene click chemistry. These new stapled peptides offer enhanced chemical stability and further resistance to proteolysis [49c]. The linker length in these triazole bridge stapled peptides has a similar requirement as the hydrocarbon stapled peptide. 

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