Penicillium citreo-viride

Penicillium species produce various mycotoxins. Strains of Penicillium citreo-viride, which infect rice, produce the mycotoxin, dtreoviridin (9.20). This compound is the cause of a condition known as cardiac beriberi , which is characterized by cardiovascular disorders, difficulty in breathing and nausea. The mechanism of action involves the inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Cardiac beriberi was a serious infection of people eating rice as a staple diet, causing many fatalities until the origin was identified. 

Secocitreoviridin (47), a metabolite of Penicillium citreo-viride, has been synthesized from 5,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxypyran-2-one.57 Another fungal metabolite, phacidin (48 R=CHO), has been prepared from triacetic acid lactone. Related compounds (48 R=H or R=Br) have been obtained by condensation of the dianion of ethyl acetoacetate with a substituted 1,3-dithian-2-carboxaldehyde.58... 

Several new dihydroisocoumarins, e.g. (233), have been isolated from a fungus Fusarium larvarum) which is a pathogen of some insects. Another fungus Aspergillus terreus ARRL 6273), sometimes present in hay, produces several toxins, including a new compound called terretonin (234). Penicillium citreo-viride produces several compounds which have bactericidal and insecticidal activity. One of these is semi-vioxanthin (235). Streptomyces rosa also produces compounds which have antibacterial action for example, nanomycin E (236), which is an epoxy-derivative of nanomycin A. ... 

The structures and stereochemistry of citreodiol (99)(sugar numbering) and epicitreodiol, metabolites of Penicillium citreo-viride. have been determined by synthesis of their antipodes from L-rhamnose two routes led to the epimeric branched-chain glycenonic esters (100), which were converted to (99) and its epimer by a conventional Wittig sequence.An intramolecular Diels-Alder... 

Metab. of hybrid strain of Penicillium citreo-viride B. 

Metabolite of hybrid strain of Penicillium citreo-viride B. Amorph. powder, [ag -1-7.3° (c, 0.78 in EtOH). 

Vining, L.C., Mclnnes, A.G., Smith, D.G., Wright, J.L.C. and Taber, W.A. (1982) Dimeric clavine alkaloids produced by Penicillium citreo-viride. FEMS Symp., 13,243-251. 

Lai, S., Shizuri, Y., Yamamura, S., Kawai, K., Terada, Y., and Furukawa, H., Novel curvularin-type metabolites of a hybrid strain ME 0005 derived from Penicillium citreo-viride B. IFO 6200 and mi.Tetrahedron Lett, 30,2241-2244 (1989). 

Paecilomyces victoria Parmelia birulae Peltophorum interme Penicillium brevicompactum Penicillium canescens Penicillium citreo-viride Penicillium citrinum Penicillium cyclopium Penicillium duclauxi Penicillium herquei Penicillium stipitatum Penicillium thomii Penicillium viridicatum Peniophora sanguinea Periconia macrospinosa Pestalotia ramula Pseudomonas yoshitomiensis Pyricularia oryzae... 

Zeeck, a., P. Rub, H. Laatsh, W. Loeffler, H. Wehole, H. Zahner, and H. Holst Isolation of the Antibiotiv Semi-vioxanthin from Penicillium citreo-viride and Synthesis of Xanthomegnin. Chem. Ber. 112, 957 (1979). 

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