A.E. Staley Manufacturing Company

SCM Corporation Seagrave Corporation Searle, G. D., Company Shell Oil Company Skelly Oil Company Squibb Corporation Staley, A.E., Manufacturing Standard Brands Paint Standard Oil of California Standard Oil of Indiana Standard Oil of Ohio Stauffer Chemical Company Sterling Drug, Inc. 

These cocoa substitutes are of two kinds. First, they consist of otherwise unprocessed bulking agents with added flavor and color. The bulking agents employed are soybean flour, modified food starches, dextrins, or mixtures thereof. They are definitely offered as extenders none of the manufacturers recommend that they be used as a total replacement for cocoa. Manufacturers include Cargill, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota (Cocoa-Max), McCormick Company, Inc., Hunt Valley, Maryland, (McCormick Cocoa Extenders), and National Starch Chemical Corp., Bridgewater, New Jersey (N-Liven Cocoa). A.E. Staley Mfg. Co., Decatur, Illinois, entered the field but quickly dropped out. 

Data are available by company for industry capacity of two important sweetener products, HFS-42 and HFS-55 (see Chapter 22) (Table 2.8). The largest firm in both 1987 and 1992 was Archer Daniels Midland, with about one-third of total US HFS industry capacity. When capacities for the next three, Tate and Lyle North America (formerly A.E. Staley Mfg. Co.), Cargill and CPC International are included, the largest four accounted for -85% of the total capacity for manufacturing HFS. In the early 1990s, Archer Daniels Midland produced an estimated half of the US fuel alcohol. 

A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company s Grade A levulinic acid was used. 

The work reported here has been supported in part by grants from NSF ( 7919112-PFR), USDA (Competitive Research Grants Office, CSRS, S E, 59-2253-1-1-769-0), Ralston Purina Company (St. Louis, MO), and A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company (Decatur, IL), for which the authors are grateful. 

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