Stain rose bengal

Fig. 5 Fluorescence micrograph of siuface photo-graft-copolymerized with (W-dimethyl-amino) propyl acrylamide methiodide (DMAPAAmMel) by UV irradiation through the stripe-patterned projection mask and the neutral-density filter and subsequently stained with rose bengal, and the three-dimensional image, b of the distribution of the florescence intensity in the area shown in a...

Fig. 9 Top Rose-bengal-stained fluorescence images of photograft-polymerized regions of Models Ay B and C as a function of photopolymerization time or copolymer composition of CMS (see Fig. 8 legend). These indicate that stem-chain length (Model A), daughter-chain length (Model B) and daughter-chain density (Model C) are well-controlled. Bottom Change in fluorescence intensity as a fimction of photopolymerization time or copolymer composition of CMS CMS Chloromethyl styrene...

Fig. 11 Visualization of the sequential progress of branching stage by staining with rose bengal. DC-derivatized PST surface (GO) was graft-copolymerized with CMS and dimethylaminoethyl acrylamide (DMAEMA), and subsequent quarternization, while narrowing the irradiation area in each polymerization stage (item, GI item, GI+GII item, GI+GII- -GIII) by the combination of three kinds of masks with linear openings (line widths 2 mm for GI, 1 mm for GII, 0.5 mm for GUI). Bar=0.5 mm...

Rose Bengal 525,540 (7.28 x 10 ) Biological stain, eye drops to assess... 

The rate of removal of the sodium salt of rose bengal (729) labelled with 3lI from the blood by the liver is used to provide an indication of liver function. The unlabelled salt is used as a dye and biological stain. The related compound Meralein Sodium (730) is a topical antiinfective, whilst Merbromin (731) (Mercurochrome) functions as an antibacterial and an antiseptic. 

Clinical studies indicate that the insert can be beneficial in the treatment of certain dry eye syndromes. Some patients may experience relief of symptoms of burning, photophobia, and foreign body sensation. Corneal abnormalities and rose bengal staining of cornea and conjunctiva... 

Widely used in the diagnosis of ocular surface disease, the understanding of the staining characteristics of rose bengal has evolved. Relatively recent evidence suggests that it is not a vital dye but one that may actually cause toxicity and cell death under certain circumstances. 

Figure l6-9 Rose bengal staining in patient with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (arrows). Note the typical triangular shape and location in the area of eyelid gap of the cornea and conjunctiva. (Courtesy Mark Williams, O.D.)... 

Because rose bengal also stains skin, clothing, and contact lenses, contact with these entities should be avoided. Wearers of soft contact lenses should perform a thorough irrigation of the ocular surfece and fornices before resinning contact lens wear. Irrigation after dry eye evaluation may be helpful to some patients. 

Lissamine green is a vital stain that stains degenerate cells, dead cells, and mucus in much the same way as rose bengal. It is also widely used in the food industry as a colorant. 

Instillation of lissamine green B into the conjunctival sac appears to cause no ocular irritation, and no other adverse effects have been reported. Clinical experience suggests the staining effect of lissamine green to be longer lasting than that of rose bengal. 

Methylene blue, a vital stain (Urolene blue), has properties similar to those of rose bengal. It can stain both devitalized cells and mucus and corneal nerves. It is not a specific stain when applied to the eye because the blue areas may be either cells or mucus. Clinically, methylene blue is useful for staining the lacrimal sac before dacryocystorhinostomy and outlining glaucoma filtering blebs, and it may prove useful in gonioscopic laser sclerostomy. More recently it has been used in vitro (tissue extraction and absorbance at 660 nm) to examine the effects of... 

Feenstra R, Tsent SCG. Comparison of fluorescein and rose bengal staining. Ophthalmology 1992 99 605-617. 

Feenstra RP, Tseng SCG. What is actually stained by rose bengal Arch Ophthalmol 1992 110 984-993. 

Manning F, Wehrly SR, Foulks GN. Patient tolerance and ocular surface staining characteristics of lissamine green versus rose bengal. Ophthalmology 1995 102 1953-1957. 

Norn MS. Rose bengal vital staining. Staining of cornea and conjunctiva by 10 percent rose bengal, compared with 1 percent. Acta Ophthalmol 1970 48 546-559. 

Wilson EM. Rose bengal staining of epibulbar squamous neoplasms. Ophthalmic Surg 1976 7 21-23. 

NaFl and rose bengal stains can be instiUed simultaneously. Several grading scales for quantifying ocular staining with NaFl, rose bengal, and lissamine green have been... 

Figure 24-10 Mucous fishing syndrome. Rose bengal staining on the inferior bulbar conjimctiva instead of the expected interpalpebral location. (Courtesy Jimmy D. Bartlett, O.D.)...

Figure 26-32 Patient with exposure keratopathy exhibits staining interiorly/intrapalpebrally with rose bengal. (Courtesy of Pat Caroline.)...

The dendritic corneal lesions of HZO are more superficial, smaller, and have blunter ends than do the dendrites caused by herpes simplex, which often have terminal bulbs (Table 26-6). They usually occur 4 to 6 days after the skin vesicles erupt and stain moderately well with rose bengal and NaFl (Figure 26-49). In addition to dendritic keratitis, mucous plaque keratitis may also occur almost anytime in the course of the disease but typically occurs... 

---