Stage Spray dispersion

Permitted Copper fungicides in leaf stage only Dispersible sulphur Herbal sprays Insecticides of vegetable origin such as Derris, Nicotine, Pyrethrum, Quassia, Ryania, herbal sprays... 

In the food industry, because the spray dryer is commonly available, economical, fast, and produces good-quality material [16], it becomes the most common means of encapsulation. The encapsulation process is simple and similar to the one-stage spray drying process. The coated material is called the active or core material, and the coating material is called the shell, wall material, carrier, or encapsulant [43]. The active material to be encapsulated, such as an oil or fia-vor in an oil base, is dispersed in a hydrocolloid carrier, e.g., gelatin, modified starch, dextrin or maltodextrin, or gum arabic. After the emulsifier is added, the mixture must be... 

After hardening, UF-resins consist of insoluble, more or less three-dimensional networks and cannot be melted or thermoformed again. At their application stage, UF-resins are still soluble or dispersed in water or are spray dried powders, which in most cases are redissolved and redispersed in water for application. 

Liquid-liquid extraction is carried out either (1) in a series of well-mixed vessels or stages (well-mixed tanks or in plate column), or (2) in a continuous process, such as a spray column, packed column, or rotating disk column. If the process model is to be represented with integer variables, as in a staged process, MILNP (Glanz and Stichlmair, 1997) or one of the methods described in Chapters 9 and 10 can be employed. This example focuses on optimization in which the model is composed of two first-order, steady-state differential equations (a plug flow model). A similar treatment can be applied to an axial dispersion model. 

Spray Column. The simplest differential extractor is the spray column (Fig. 18a.), which depends upon the initial dispersion of the dispersed phase to create favorably sized droplets. There is no means provided to redisperse this phase if any coalescence occurs. Although the equipment is simple and inexpensive, it is difificultto obtain more than one stage extraction. The passage of the dispersed phase ind uces considerable backmixing of the continuous phase, particularly in larger diameter columns. 

The spray column, shown schematically in Fig. 4.29, is the simplest of the contactors. The heavy aqueous phase enters the top of the vertical cylinder through a distributor and flows downward under gravity, usually as the continuous phase. A distributor at the bottom of the column disperses the entering organic phase into small drops, which rise throu the continuous heavy phase and collect in a layer at the top. Coalescence of the dispersed phase drops and axial circulation and mixing of the continuous phase result in relatively low efficiency of contacting. Very tali columns may be required to obtain only a few theoretical stages. 

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