Stage operations multicomponent systems

The calculation of single-stage equilibrium separations in multicomponent systems is implemented by a series of FORTRAN IV subroutines described in Chapter 7. These treat bubble and dewpoint calculations, isothermal and adiabatic equilibrium flash vaporizations, and liquid-liquid equilibrium "flash" separations. The treatment of multistage separation operations, which involves many additional considerations, is not considered in this monograph. 

Total reflux exists in a distillation column, whether a binary or multicomponent system, when all the overhead vapor from the top tray or stage is condensed and returned to the top tray. Usually a column is brought to equilibrium at total reflux for test or for a temporary plant condition which requires discontinuing feed. Rather than shut down, drain and then re-establish operating conditions later, it is usually more convenient and requires less... 

The tubular turbulent device, at the stage of multicomponent mixture preparation (Figure 5.19), has the following operational principle. Tube 1, has a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 200 mm, is provided for the introduction of the octane additive, which is injected into the device volume through a hole system of 3 mm diameter (hole numbers 30-35), installed helically in the zone of tube 1, with a length of 100 mm. Tube 2, has a diameter of 50-60 mm - C5 fraction. Tube 3, has a diameter of 30 mm - propylene tetramers. Tube 4, has a diameter of 30 mm - methyl er -butyl... 

This chapter introduces how continuous distillation columns work and serves as the lead to a series of nine chapters on distillation. The basic calculation procedures for binary distillation are developed in Chapter 4. Multicomponent distillation is introduced in Chapter 5. detailed conputer calculation procedures for these systems are developed in Chapter 6. and sinplified shortcut methods are covered in Chapter 7. More complex distillation operations such as extractive and azeotropic distillation are the subject of Chapter 8. Chapter 9 switches to batch distillation, which is commonly used for smaller systems. Detailed design procedures for both staged and packed columns are discussed in Chapter 10. Finally, Chapter 11 looks at the economics of distillation and methods to save energy (and money) in distillation systems. 

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