Stage fluid catalytic cracking

Shell fluid catalytic cracking a two-stage fluid catalytic cracking process in which the catalyst is regenerated. 

See also Fluidized-bed entries Fluid-bed direct oxidation process, 10 656 Fluid-bed dryers, 9 122-123, 130-131 two-stage, 9 125 Fluid-bed roasters, 16 141 Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), 11 678-699, 700-734 18 651, 653 20 777 24 257, 271. See also FCC entries Fluidized-bed catalytic cracking (FCC) clean fuels production and, 11 686-689 defined, 11 700... 

Fig. 18.19. Fluid catalytic cracking—UOP LLC. Combustor style is used to crack process gas oils and moderately contaminated resids, while the two-stage unit is used for more contaminated oils. (Source Hydrocarbon Processing, 2004 Refining Process Handbook. CD-ROM. September 2004 copyright 2004 by Gulf Publishing Co., all rights reserved.)...

RFCC [Residual Fluid Catalytic Cracking] A process for cracking residues from petroleum distillation. It uses an ultrastable zeolite catalyst with two-stage regeneration. Originally developed in the early 1980s by Total Petroleum in Kansas and Oklahoma under the name R2R. Further developed by IFP with Stone and Webster and now more commonly known as RFCC. Twenty-six units had been licensed by 2003. 

Fig. 1. A 1 MMTA fluid catalytic cracking unit with fast fluidized bed regenerator (courtesy Gaoqiao Petrochemical Company). 1, regenerator 2, first-stage FFB regenerator 3, second-stage FFB regenerator, 4, main fractionator, 5. FFB catalyst cooler 6, catalyst hoppers 7, cyclone...

Fig. 16.2.9. A large 2-stage cyclone system typical of that used to collect catalyst entrained off of the fluidized bed of a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU). Courtesy Emtrol LLC...

Even more efficient processes were introduced later in the war. Mobil developed a moving bed process called Thermofor Catalytic Cracking and a new synthetic amorphous cracking catalyst (Ref. 1), while Exxon led a group of companies in developing fluid cat cracking. These processes provided the Armed Forces with plentiful supplies of 100 octane aviation fuel in the latter stages of World War II and they were a decisive element in the final Allied victory in Europe. 

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