Stack clamping

Parallel-Leaf Cartridge. A parallel-leaf cartridge consists of several flat plates, each having membrane sealed to both sides (Fig. 13). The plates have raised (2—3 mm) rails along the sides in such a way that, when they are stacked, the feed can flow between them. They are clamped between two stainless-steel plates with a central tie rod. Permeate from each leaf drains into an annular channel surrounding the tie rod (33). 

Plate and Frame. Plate-and-frame systems consist of plates (Fig. 15) each with a membrane on both sides. The plates have a frame around their perimeter which forms flow channels ca 1 mm wide between the plates when they are stacked. The stack is clamped between two end plates, sealing the frames together. 

The membrane system consists of multiple plate and frame stacks holding the thin-fHm composite membranes clamped together. The system capacity is iacreased by increasing the number of plates. 

Meiler, m. circular pile (esp. that used in charcoal burning), mound, stack Brick) clamp, -kohle, /. charcoal, -verfohren, n., -ver-kohlung,/. pile charring, -verkokung,/. pile coking. 

The micro channels were prepared with a cutter in a ceramic tape [70,71]. Sealings served to ensure liquid tightness. Each end of the stack of five ceramic layers was clamped between two blocks, allowing a reversible interconnection. 

Subunit motion between two positions is also critical to the assembly of tobacco mosaic virus. In the partially assembled disks, having two stacked layers of 17 subunits each, the layers are wedged apart toward their inner radius. During assembly of the viral helix, RNA binds between the layers, which then clamp tightly together with 164 subunits per turn (Bloomer et al., 1978 Butler and Klug, 1978). 

Two methods of glue application are currently being used in production of glue-lams. The older method is to pass the boards through rubber-covered roll spreaders so that both sides are coated simultaneously. The boards are then stacked horizontally until all are spread and clamps are in proper position for pressure application. During this assembly time the wet glue film is exposed to the atmosphere for only a short time. This minimizes loss of solvents and water to the atmosphere. 

One common construction consists of mica plates carrying fired-on silver electrodes stacked and clamped together to form a set of capacitors connected in parallel. The assembly is encapsulated in a thermosetting resin to provide protection against the ingress of moisture which would increase both the capacitance and tan <5. 

Fig. 6.25 The multilayer stack actuator showing one strategy for electroding to avoid clamping stresses.

FIGURE 1.26 Three-electrode laboratory cell. (A) Porous carbon electrode film (carbon + binder) (B) treated A1 current collectors (C) porous separator (D) Teflon plates (for stack pressure) and (E) stainless steel clamps (not shown, see arrows). (From Gamby, J., et al., J. Power Sources, 101,109, 2001.)... 

Stack mold also features two or more daylights in the open position. Two daylights are the normal form (Figure 17.5) but up to four are also used more could be used. The purpose of the stack mold is to increase the number of cavities in the mold without increasing the projected area so the clamp force required from the IMM remains the same. Similar cavities and cores between each of the daylights are normally used. 

The doubly clamped helix 148, designed by Vogtle et al., which also contains stacked benzene rings was accessible by sulfone pyrolysis from 147 in 37% yield [26]. 

Machine sieving is carried out by stacking the sieves in ascending order of aperture size and placing the powder on the top sieve. A closed pan, a receiver, is placed at the bottom of the stack to collect the fines and a lid is placed at the top to prevent loss of powder. A stack usually consists of five or six sieves in a root two progression of aperture size. The stack of sieves is clamped on to a test sieve shaker that is vibrated for a fixed time and the residual weight of powder on each sieve is determined. Results are usually expressed in the form of a cumulative percentage of the nominal sieve aperture. 

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