Stabilizer diffusion

Adsorbed additives also tend to undergo reduction during the electroless process, and become incorporated as impurities into deposits, most likely via a mechanism similar to that involved in ternary alloy deposition. In a manner similar to that discussed below in greater detail for dissolved 02, electroless deposition rates will be lower for features smaller than the stabilizer diffusion layer thickness. The edges of larger features, which experience higher stabilizer levels due to enhanced nonplanar... 

The volatility of pure stabilizer is dependent on the vapor pressure of the latter. However, the volatilization from a polymer is a more complex problem. It can be controlled either by the rate of the stabilizer evaporation or the rate of the stabilizer diffusion to the polymer surface [27]. The latter problem has been expected to dominate if leaching is also involved in the physical loss. 

Calculation of Bluff-Body Stabilized Diffusion-Flames... 

The term spheromak is widely used to distinguish the family of equilibria with zero external toroidal field from other compact tori. For example, the "classical" spheromak shown in Fig 1 is the "aspect-ratio-unity limit," and the stabilized diffuse pinch [14] (operation of diffuse pinch with zero external toroidal field) corresponds to the large aspect-ratio limit. Before we discuss the spheromak in detail, it may be instructive to briefly survey the relation between the spheromak and other approaches. A comparison is made in table 1. The field is the poloidal field strength at the plasma edge, is the toroidal field strength at the magnetic... 

We obtain the "classical spheromak with 5=0 and ellipticity K=b/d=1.0, and the stabilized diffuse pinch in the large aspect-ratio limit as delta approaches one. The "classical" spheromak has q(>J ) = 0.82 and q(Yg)=0.72 at the plasma surface due to the finite... 

Cross-links Swell volume/viscosity Mechanical stability/diffusion control... 

The reduction of stabilizer content caused by oxidation is often irrelevant compared to the reduction caused by extraction. The asymmetric stabilizer concentration profile in Figure 5.262 (left) is caused by an obvious difference in stabilizer diffusion coefficients as a function of position, Figure 5.263. Inside the pipe (water), the diffusion coefficient is up to 50 times higher than on the outside (air), so that stabilizer reduction is up to four times higher on the inside of the pipe than on the outside and oxidation begins first on the inside of the pipe. Interaction between stabilizers, water, and plastic play a decisive role here. Stabilizers and water are adsorbed to the plastics surface, which influences stabilizer diffusion. Without the presence of water, diffusion rate decreases due to absorption under additional absorption of water, stabilizer diffusion increases again. Plasticization of the plastic by water is another additional explanation [191]. 

Gran, I. R., and B. F. Magnussen (1996). A numerical study of a bluff-body stabilized diffusion flame 2. Influence of combustion modehng and finite-rate chemistry. Combust. Sci. Technol, 119, 119-191. 

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