Stability and thermal decomposition

Decomposition of methyl nitrate under these conditions produces a spontaneous explosion. Apin, Khariton and Todes [3] on the basis of original experiments 

The explosion of gaseous methyl nitrate subjected to the influence of an electric spark at 25°C was investigated by Zeldovich and Shaoulov [4] who found that it differs from an explosion initiated by heat. According to these authors, the fo low-ing equations express the decomposition reaction caused by an electric spark  

The thermal decomposition of methyl nitrate has been studied by Phillips [5], who suggested that the reactions occurring at the initial stages of decomposition 

Alternate oxidation and reduction reactions take place between the products to form such gases as nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide. 

Gray and Rogers [6] have studied the decomposition of methyl nitrate induced both thermally and by irradiation. They postulate that a spontaneous decomposition occurs at 300°C, in the following stages initiation of the reaction according to eqn. (2) is followed by oxidation reactions  

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P. J. Davidson, M. F. Lappert, and R. Pearce, Metal Thermal Decomposition Pathways, Chem. Rev. 76, 219-242 (1976). 

Some results on thermal stability and thermal decomposition products of other acrylic acid derivatives including poly(a-chloro-acrylonitrile), poly(a-phenyl acrylonitrile), and poly(acryloyl chloride) as reported in literature are given in Table 6.7.17 [6]. 

Evaluation of the effects of catalysts and inhibitors on phase stability and thermal decomposition mechanisms. 

Stoichiometry, Structures, Stabilities, and Thermal Decomposition Pathways, Chem. Rev. 76,219,1976. 

Among the various methods used for studying thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of PES, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (PGC-MS) have been used most frequently. These instruments enable comparisons of the relative thermal stability and thermal decomposition temperature, and give information about the degradation mechanism [9,24]. TGA also is an excellent technique for product characterization and quality control. 

Notwithstanding their very low vapor pressure, their good thermal stability (for thermal decomposition temperatures of several ionic liquids, see [11, 12]) and their wide operating range, the key property of ionic liquids is the potential to tune their physical and chemical properties by variation of the nature of the anions and cations. An illustration of their versatility is given by their exceptional solubility characteristics, which make them good candidates for multiphasic reactions (see Section 5.3.4). Their miscibility with water, for example, depends not only on the hydrophobicity of the cation, but also on the nature of the anion and on the temperature. 

The formation and stability of peroxoniobates and peroxotantalates can be used successfully in the technology of tantalum and niobium oxide production. Belov, Avdonina and Mikhlin [512] investigated processes of precipitation and thermal decomposition of high-purity ammonium tetraperoxoniobate and tetraperoxotantalate as precursors for the production of tantalum and niobium... 

Ni [182], V [183], and A1 [184]. SU-M [185] is a mesoporous germanium oxide with crystalline pore walls, possessing one of the largest primitive cells and the lowest framework density of any inorganic material. The channels are defined by 30-rings. Structural and thermal information show that there exists a mismatch between framework stability and template decomposition. The latter requires temperatures higher than 450 °C, while the structure is preserved only until 300 °C. 

Relationships existing between structure, stability and thermal, photochemical and explosive decomposition (sometimes spontaneous) of the inorganic azides has been extensively investigated and reviewed [1,2]. The ignition characterisitcs of explosive inorganic azides, with or without added impurities under initiation by heat or light have been discussed [3],... 

Aerodynamic heating will present problems concerning the thermal stability of fuels, as they will probably be used as a heat sink on aircraft. The fuels will be susceptible to evaporation and thermal decomposition at the temperatures and duration of time to which they will be exposed. Considerable effort 25, 81, 102, 135) is now being devoted to this field. 

There are several points to consider when choosing a derivatizing scheme, such as the stability of the derivative to hydrolysis, solvolysis, and thermal decomposition. In addition, if precolumn derivatization is chosen, the derivatization process will alter the chromatographic properties of the analytes, which may result in the need to adopt a different chromatographic mode. Finally, if postcolumn derivatization is chosen, the effects of band broadening and sample loss caused by adsorption and dilution effects should not be overlooked. 

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