Stability against oxidation

The vitamin D resin is stabilized against oxidation by the addition of < 1 wt% butylated hydroxyanisole or butylated hydroxytoluene. 

Trozzolo, A. M., "Stabilization Against Oxidative Photodegradation", in "Polymer Stabilization", Hawkins, W. L., Ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1972. 

Saib, A. M., Borgna, A., van de Loosdrecht, J., van Berge, P. J., Geus, J. W., and Niemantsverdriet, J. W. 2006. Preparation and characterization of spherical Co/Si02 model catalysts with well-defined nano-sized cobalt crystallites and a comparison of their stability against oxidation with water. J. Catal. 239 326-39. 

A. M. Trozzolo, "Stabilization Against Oxidative Photo-degradation in Polymer Stabilization, ed. by W. L. Hawkins, Wiley Interciences, N. Y. 1972.. pp. 189. 

Lu [110] prepared the first solution phase Cl-terminated surface by immersing a Ge(l 11) sample in dilute HC1. This resulted in a well-ordered, atop adsorption, similar to the surface formed by Cl adsorption in vacuum [110]. The chloride-terminated surface product is thermodynamically favored over the hydride-terminated surface product, as the Ge-Cl bond and Ge-H bond strengths are 103 and 77kcal/mol, respectively [88]. The chloride-terminated surface demonstrates passivation in its stability against oxidation on the scale of hours in ambient air [104,111]. 

The effects of heat treatment of milk on the oxidation-reduction potential have been studied to a considerable extent (Eilers et al 1947 Gould and Sommer 1939 Harland et al 1952 Josephson and Doan 1939). A sharp decrease in the potential coincides with the liberation of sulfhydryl groups by denaturation of the protein, primarily /3-lactoglobulin. Minimum potentials are attainable by deaeration and high-temperature-short-time heat treatments (Higginbottom and Taylor 1960). Such treatments also produce dried milks of superior stability against oxidative flavor deterioration (Harland et al 1952). 

Nickel complexes are of considerable importance as stabilizers and antioxidants for polymers of various kinds. The nickel(II) complex of the benzoic acid derivative (12) (see Section 66.4) acts as a stabilizer against oxidation of polybutadiene,46 but is less effective in this respect than the manganese and cobalt complexes. Complex (20) is effective in decreasing the rate of photooxidation of two-phase poly(vinyl chloride)-polybutadiene rubbers 74... 

A main recent application of perfluorinated rod-like molecules is in organic electronics where Ji-conjugated rods were functionalized with Rp-chains in order to produce electron transport materials (n-type semiconductors) with 2D conduction pathways [256] and enhanced stability against oxidation. Some examples (compounds 133-136) are collated in Fig. 35b, but their liquid crystalline phase behavior (if present) was in most cases not reported in detail [250-255]. 

Si3N4/other silicides Less important due to less stability against oxidation or low melting point Under sintering conditions liquid silicides can concentrate in big defects, Fe silicide can improve the wear behaviour in engine applications [564]... 

The first report on antioxidative effect of MRP was made by Franzke and Iwainsky (3). Shortly afterward Griffith and Johnson (4) reported that the addition of glucose to cookie dough resulted in a better stability against oxidative rancidity during storage of the cookies. Research on antioxidative MRP was then mainly performed by groups in Japan. A symposium on Maillard Reactions in Food held in Uddevalla, Sweden, 1979 included also the aspect of antioxidative properties. The contributions on this subject contained also brief reviews (5, 6, 7). Most of the work has been done on model systems. Some applications in food systems have, however, also been reported (8 - 11). 

The well-known susceptibility of vitamin C to thermal and oxidative degradation has focused interest in derivatives of increased stability. In general, partial modification of the enediol system leads to two isomers, both of which have markedly lower reducing power and are therefore stabilized against oxidation. However, vitamin C activities tend to decrease in these substituted derivatives. 

Of these design principles, the requirement for building stability against oxidative doping in a semiconductor structure without compromising its semiconductive properties is perhaps the most demanding. 

Better stability against oxidative rancidity on storage darker colour Improved storage stability... 

Fats and fat-containing products may be stabilized against oxidation by the addition of antioxidants as adjuvants. These compounds are believed to act as hydrogen donors or as free radical acceptors that intercept and hold quantums of energy that otherwise might... 

To accelerate the otherwise slow NADH oxidation, carbon electrodes with high surface area can be used. Anode potentials need to be at least + 900 mV vs NHE for the direct electrochemical oxidation of NAD(P)H. Under these conditions only substrates with rather high stability against oxidation can be transformed without any loss of selectivity. The introduction of a mediator leads to a faster transfer of electrons between NADH and the anode. A further advantage of this method is the prevention of a possible anodic oxidation of NADH [90]. 

The deodorization of cocoa butter is necessary to reduce free fatty acid content and to give a product that satisfies the present day requirement of a neutral bland flavor. Deodorization is a suitable method for partially eliminating chlorinated insecticides from cocoa butter. The normal deodorization temperatures are in the range 160-180°C. The oxidative stability of various cocoa butters listed in Table 4 shows extremely high values, and these are unaffected during the deodorization process. Stability against oxidation depends on natural antioxidants present in cocoa butters. The tocopherol composition in Table 5 shows a predominance of... 

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