Sponges proteins

Phase I (<2000) Girroline (aka. girodazoie) Sponge Protein synthesis Potier... 

All these Verongia metabolites seem fairly obviously biosynthetised from 3,5-dibromotyrosine or tyrosine via an epoxidation step and presumably the central C4N2 and C5N2 chains of aerothionin (7) and homoaerothionin (8) are derived from ornithine and lysine, respectively (143) [both dibromotyrosine and lysine have been found in sponge proteins (9,133)]. 

Saltine cracker manufacture begins with mixing of a sponge consisting of 65% of the formula flour (10% protein), a small amount of yeast, and 27%... 

Suberitine, a small protein from the sponge Suberites domcuncula, has a variety of actions. It is not very toxic but causes hemolysis in human erythrocytes, flaccid paralysis in crabs and depolarization of squid axon and abdominal nerve of crayfish. A variety of extracts from Porifera have been shown to be toxic to fish and generally have cytotoxic and hemolytic actions (62,63). As discussed previously, a variety of sponges exude substances that are toxic to fish. 

Shimizu, K., Cha, J., Stucky, G.D. and Morse, D.E. (1998) Silicatein alpha Cathepsin L-like protein in sponge biosilica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 6234-6238. 

In contrast, such approaches have been much more developed with proteins, termed silicateins, that have been extracted from some silicified sponges [38]. The success of these approaches probably originates from the fact that the reactivity of these proteins towards silica precursors differs significantly from the processes occurring in diatoms. Whereas silaffins and poly-amines activate silica formation via electrostatic interactions due to the presence of positively-charged ammonium... 

Heat treatment is now used instead of chlorination. The effect of either treatment is to reduce the elasticity of the gluten, presumably by denaturing the proteins. High ratio flour is particularly suitable for sponge cakes. 

ORMOSIL are chemical sponges they adsorb and concentrate reactants at their surface, thereby enhancing reaction rates and sensitivity (in sensing applications). ORMOSIL-imprinted materials with a suitable chiral template such as a surfactant or a protein selectively adsorb (and detect) external reactants. A remarkable example is provided by thin materials that are generally enantioselective, namely where the chirally imprinted cavities can discriminate between enantiomers of molecules not used in the imprinting process, and completely different from the imprinting ones. 

He even proposed the existence of polyvalent atoms producing "sponge or net like" molecular mass in 1878. Towards the end of his career, he advanced the hypothesis that natural organic substances-those most closely associated with life, proteins, starch, and cellulose-may consist of very long chains, and derive their special properties from this structure. 

Prion—Abnormal form of a brain protein thought to be responsible for several different diseases in which brain tissue comes to look like a sponge. Prions may be passed from one individual to another by consumption or injection of infected brain tissue. 

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)—Brain diseases transmitted from one animal to another. Under a microscope, the brain tissue of animals and people with TSEs resembles a sponge. TSEs include variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) in humans, scrapie in sheep and goats, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cows (mad cow disease). These diseases are spread by consumption of brain tissue and are thought to be caused by prions, a kind of protein. 

Young What is the half-hfe of these proteins If this is taking place over several months I have a hard time imagining melanopsin as a sponge that holds on to chromophore for this long. 

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