Splits indirect

As the name implies indirect hiophotolysis involves more than one step, with the net effect being water splitting. Indirect hiophotolysis can be effectively performed using either hydrogenase or... 

Figure Bl.13.8. Schematic illustration of (a) an antiphase doublet, (b) an in-phase doublet and (c) a differentially broadened doublet. The splitting between the two lines is in each case equal to J, the indirect spin-spin coupling constant.

Conversion of Cyclic to Acyclic Structures. Upon oxidation, the aromatic rings of lignin may be converted direcdy to acycHc stmctures, eg, muconic acid derivatives, or indirectly by oxidative splitting of o-quinoid rings. Further oxidation creates carboxyUc acid fragments attached to the lignin network. 

Indirect or scalar coupling of nuclear spins through covalent bonds causes the splitting of NMR signals into multiplets in high-resolution NMR spectroscopy in the solution state. The direct or... 

This has to be considered when splitting walls or floors into several elements, because in such models, these elements have a direct radiative exchange, while in reality there is no exchange or only an indirect one via opposite surfaces. 

The contributions of the second order terms in for the splitting in ESR is usually neglected since they are very small, and in feet they correspond to the NMR lines detected in some ESR experiments (5). However, the analysis of the second order expressions is important since it allows for the calculation of the indirect nuclear spin-spin couplings in NMR spectroscoi. These spin-spin couplings are usually calcdated via a closed shell polarization propagator (138-140), so that, the approach described here would allow for the same calculations to be performed within the electron Hopagator theory for open shell systems. 

Because of their ease of synthesis and their structural similarity to peptides, many laboratories have used peptoids as the basis for combinatorial drug discovery. Peptoids were among the first non-natural compounds used to establish the basic principles and practical methods of combinatorial discovery [17]. Typically, diverse libraries of relatively short peptoids (< 10 residues) are synthesized by the mix-and-split method and then screened for biological activity. Individual active compounds can then be identified by iterative re-synthesis, sequencing of compounds on individual beads, or indirect deduction by the preparation of positional scanning libraries. 

Hot split Column independent 50 ppm (FID) Ease of operation Independent of sample Rugged Qualitative analysis Flash vaporisation Thermal degradation Discrimination of higher boiling compounds possible Not suitable for trace analysis Poor, indirect quantification... 

Gas detection methods may be split into two groups, (i) direct methods, which monitor a physical parameter of the target gas, and (ii) indirect methods, which use a chemical reaction or indicator to show the concentration of the gas being sensed. This division of methods may be further split into optical sensing techniques and non-optical techniques. This review will predominantly focus on direct optical-spectroscopy fibre sensing techniques. 

From different data sources deviations present in the operational process are collected according to the criteria that define a precursor. The raw data is then split up into tangible data, that is to say data directly available in the organization, e.g. data present in databases, reports, forms, etc. and intangible data, which is indirectly available in an organization, e.g. data retrieved by interviewing people. 

From a study of overall rate constant k(T) for a reaction in the bulk and its dependence on concentrations of reactants, catalyst/inhibitor, temperature etc., the kinetics come up with a mechanism by putting together a lot of direct and indirect evidences. The determination of the overall rate constant k(T) using transition state theory was a more sophisticated approach. But the macroscopic theories such as transition state theory in different versions are split to some extent in some cases, e.g. for very fast reactions. The experimental and theoretical studies in reaction dynamics have given the indications under which it becomes less satisfactory and further work in this direction may contribute much more to solve this problem. 

Bulk silicon is a semiconductor with an indirect band structure, as schematically shown in Fig. 7.12 c. The top of the VB is located at the center of the Brillouin zone, while the CB has six minima at the equivalent (100) directions. The only allowed optical transition is a vertical transition of a photon with a subsequent electron-phonon scattering process which is needed to conserve the crystal momentum, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 7.12 c. The relevant phonon modes include transverse optical phonons (TO 56 meV), longitudinal optical phonons (LO 53.5 meV) and transverse acoustic phonons (TA 18.7 meV). At very low temperature a splitting (2.5 meV) of the main free exciton line in TO and LO replicas can be observed [Kol5]. 

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