Split and Join

Split makes it easy to convert the long string into a more manageable array. To split on the comma, the comma is used as the delimiter  

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Phenomenologically, dispersion occurs because different solute molecules take different times to move from point A to point 5 in a convective flow. The difference in transit times is attributed to a combination of kinematic and dynamic effects. Kinematic effects stem from tortuosity and the splitting and joining of stream tubes during flow, so that different particles traverse paths of different length. Dynamic effects stem from the distribution of velocities that a particle encounters on its path. Mechanical dispersion consists of the combined effects associated purely with convection (i.e., velocity variations due to hydrodynamics). Nonmechanical effects are associated with the diffusion of solutes from one streamline to another and into stagnant regions. 

Note that, if the weights g S) fluctuate on average more than by a factor of 2, multiple split and join operations may be needed. 

Fission and fusion differ from radioactive decay in that they generally require the nucleus of a parent atom to interact with an outside pcirticle (some manmade isotopes have been known to undergo fission without bombcirdment — Fe-256, for example). Because the forces that hold atomic nuclei together cire ridiculously powerful, the energy involved in splitting or joining two nuclei is tremendous. Here cire the differences between fusion and fission ... 

Carboxyl groups are activated in a reaction that splits ATP and joins C02 to enzyme-bound biotin. This activated C02 is then passed to an acceptor (pyruvate in this case) in a carboxylation reaction. 

Type 6 happens in wet cotton fibers. In air-dried cotton fibers, tensile failure starts when fibrils split apart. The break generally occurs adjacent to a reversal, and the splitting is caused by untwisting effects. Finally, a tear develops along the fiber and joins up the split which follows the helical path of the fibrils around the fiber (Figures 3a and 3b). In wet cotton, a weaker attraction exists between fibrils, and the break appears as a gradually thinning out due to separate breaks. In completely dry or cross-linked cottons, the fracture runs across the fiber... 

This is a special form of filamentary corrosion occurring on metallic surfaces and is related to crevice corrosion also known as underfilm corrosion. This form of corrosion is generally apparent under painted body of some used cars. It appears as a blister under the paint. The filament propagation underfilm may appear split or joined together, as they propagate in direct lines, some of them reflecting because of obstacles such as adhesive parts of the organic film to the substrate that become trapped in a very narrow place (17). 

Figure 6.14 shows trajectories of the intermediate section for separation 1 1, 2 3 at different modes. Pseudoproduct points ( > — Dj+D) is located at side 1-2, and joining of the intermediate and bottom sections in the mode of minimum reflux goes on in the same way as for the simple column at indirect split. Trajectory of the intermediate section r tears off from side 1-2 in point Sn, and point of side product xd can coincide with point Sn (Fig. 6.14a) or lie at segment 1 - Sri (Fig. 6.14b). The first of these two modes is optimal because the best separation between top and side products (the mode of the best separation) is achieved at this mode. Zones of constant concentrations in the top and intermediate sections arise in point Sri = AC2- Therefore, in the mode of minimum reflux in the intermediate section, there are two zones of constant concentrations. At the reflux bigger than minimum, point 5 1 moves to vertex 2 and at i = oo this point reaches it (i.e., at i = 00, pure component 2 can be obtained in the infinite column as a side product). Therefore, for the colunuis with side withdrawals of the products, the mode of the best separation under minimum reflux corresponds to joining of sections in points 5 1 and of the trajectory bundle of the intermediate section (at sharp separation) or in its vicinity (at quasisharp separation). The trajectory of the column with a side product at minimum reflux at best separation may be described as follows ...

In connection with it, we examine in detail conditions of the joining of section trajectories and the algorithms of design calculation of simple colunms at various splits, and then on this basis we examine these questions for complex columns. 

According to Section 6.5, in this case the joining of trajectories of the bottom and the intermediate sections is similar to the intermediate split in two-section columns, and the joining of trajectories of the top and the intermediate sections takes place according to the split with one distributed component. Therefore, the calculation of section trajectories should be carried out according to the general algorithm described in Section 7.3 for two-section columns at the intermediate split and at the split with a distributed component (Fig. 7.13b). The distillation trajectory for the column under consideration may be presented as follows ... 

Organic peroxides like dicumyl peroxide split under irradiation or heat to produce oxy radicals as in Reaction 1. These radicals are very reactive and will abstract hydrogen from the natural rubber molecule according to Reaction 2. The resultant polymer radical is also very reactive and joins with another such radical to form a stable crosslinked product (Reaction 3). 

A typical noisy light based CRS experiment involves the splitting of a noisy beam (short autocorrelation time, broadband) into identical twin beams, B and B, tlnough the use of a Michelson interferometer. One ami of the interferometer is computer controlled to introduce a relative delay, x, between B and B. The twin beams exit the interferometer and are joined by a narrowband field, M, to produce the CRS-type third order polarization in the sample ([Pg.1209]

Bromobenzene is a colourless liquid of b.p. 156°, and d, 1 50 it has a faint agreeable odour. The bromine atom, being directly joined to the benzene ring, is very inert, and the only common reactions in which it is split off from the ring are the Fittig reaction (p. 288) and the Grignard reagent (pp. 280-284). 

These alloys are available in the cast form only. Pipe and fittings are cast with the upset ends being joined by split flanges. IntegraUy cast flanged pipe is also available. Allowable working pressures cannot be... 

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