Spinning disk experiments

This paper presents an outline of the main ideas and results illustrating the fusion like behaviour of biomass pyrolysis. The ablative pyrolysis rate of wood rods applied on a hot spinning disk or on a stationnary heated surface is studied. The observations are quite similar to those made in the same conditions with rods of true melting solids (ice, paraffin,. ..) in agreement with a theoretical approach. The "fusion temperature of wood is found close to 739 K in agreement with a limited number of experiments of wood sawdust fast pyrolysis in a hot cyclone reactor. The results show also that in most of the experimental devices, the direct measurement of wood pyrolysis reaction rate constant is impossible above about 800 K. 

We intend to examine the problem of the mask in the spinning rotor. We also intend to construct a quartz disk with lines that are arcs about the center of the rotor. Placed in a special holder at a plane equivalent to the mid-plane in a normal cell, it would provide radial magnification and correction information for any experiment. 

Experience in using the Z concept has demonstrated that the calculated Z factor should be modified by an efficiency factor to account for some of the aforementioned effects which are absent in the theory and, as such, this factor depends on the type of centrifuge. It is nearly 100 percent for simple spin-tube bottle centrifuge, 80 percent for tubular centrifuge, and less than 55 percent for disk centrifuges. The... 

Thin films were spin-coated onto virgin, optically flat NaCl disks or flat, polished Si wafers and electron beam cured at, 5-lOMrad under Nj. The oxygen content in the irradiation chamber was equipment used for electron beam curing was a CB 150 Electrocurtain Processor (Energy Sciences, Inc., Woburn, Mass.) that permits the exposure of. samples in the presence of air or an inert atmosphere like Nj. A scries of experiments were performed to determine the optimal ab-sorbed do.se for curing this was determined to be about 10 Mrads. 

Concomitant with the increased data size, the memory requirements for permanent storage will render It necessary to expand the storage capacity of backup stores. Disk storage capacities of over 100 M-byte, as they have become available in the form for example of the CDC 9730 Series, are a true necessity in many hlgh-fleld NMR applications. Memory requirements are particularly severe in two-dimensional spectroscopy such as the 2D-J experiments where spectral arrays are obtained In which spin-spin coupling Is separated from chemical shielding. A 10 ppm x 50 Hz 2D spectrum with a digital resolution of 2 Hz on the axis and 0.2 Hz on the J axis, for example, corresponds to a 4 M-word data matrix. 

What sort of instrumentation would be needed for electrochemical experiments A potentiometry experiment requires little more than a pH meter. A potentiostat or galvanostat can be used for the controlling potential or current in an experiment. In a coulometric procedure, a device to integrate the current (i.e., a coulometer) would also be needed. A hydrodynamic voltammetry [e.g., a rotating disk electrode (RDE)] experiment would require an electrode rotor (to spin the electrode at a precisely known rotation speed), and the rotating ring-disk or RRDE refinement (see below) would necessitate the use of a bipotentiostat so that the disk and ring potentials can be independently controlled. An ac impedance measurement involves the use of a sine-wave oscillator and... 

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