Sphingosine 1-phosphate immunity

Bandhuvula P, Saba JD. Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase in immunity and cancer silencing the siren. Trends Molec. Pharmacol. 2007 66 1671-1678. 

HPR-mediated leukemia cell c)4otoxicity is triggered by ceramide-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and is regulated downstream by Bcl-2. Free Radical Res. 2007 41 591-601. Wang H, Maurer BJ, Reynolds CP, Cabot MC. N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide elevates ceramide in neuroblastoma cell lines by coordinate activation of serine palmitoyltransferase and ceramide synthase. Cancer Res. 2001 61 5102-5105. Bandhuvula P, Tam YY, Oskouian B, Saba JD. The immune modulator FTY720 inhibits sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 2005 280 33697-33700. 

Brinkmann V, Davis MD, Heise CE, Albert R, Cottens S, Hof R, Bruns C, Prieschl E. Baumruker T, Hies-tand P, Foster CA, Zolhnger M, Lynch KR (2002) The immune modulator FTY720 targets sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. J Biol Chem 277 21453 57... 

Payne, S. G., Milstien, S., Barbour, S. E., and Spiegel, S. (2004). Modulation of adaptive immune responses by sphingosine-l-phosphate. Semin Cell Dev Biol 15, 521-527. 

Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL) is the enzyme responsible for the irreversible cleavage of SIP in a retroaldol reaction to yield hexadecenal and phos-phoethanolamine as degradation products. The enzyme, therefore, is in a critical position to regulate levels of SIP (Bandhuvula and Saba, 2007). Here, we will focus on recent evidence that SPL may serve as a target for modulation of immune responses in transplantation settings and in the treatment of autoimmune disease. 

Bandhuvula, P., Tam, Y.Y., Oskouian, B., and Saba, J.D., The immune modulator FTY720 inhibits sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase activity, J Biol Chem, 280 (2005) 33697-36700. 

Olivera, A., Mizugishi, K., Tikhonova, A., Ciaccia, L., Odom, S., Proia, R.L., and Rivera, J., The sphingosine kinase-sphingosine-l-phosphate axis is a determinant of mast cell function and anaphylaxis. Immunity, 26 (2007) 287-297. 

Cyster G 2005 Chemokines, sphingosine-l-phosphate, and cell migration in secondary lymphoid organs. Annu Rev Immunol 23 127—159 Diaz GA 2005 CXCR4 mutations in WHIM syndrome a misguided immune system. Immunol Rev 203 235-243... 

Fig. 3.12 Structure of the bioactive signaling phospholipid sphingosine-1-phosphate, a regulator of immune and vascular systems...

Brinkmann, V, Davis, MD, Heise, CE, Albert, R, Cottens, S, Hof, R, Bruns, C, Prieschl, E, Baumruker, T, Hiestand, P, Foster, CA, Zollinger, M and Lynch, KR (2002) The immune modulator FTY720 targets sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. JBiol Chem, 111, 21453-21457. 

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