Cytosolic sphingosine kinase

Apart from PKA, some other protein-kinases were found to be controlled by forskolin, such as cytosolic sphingosine kinase in rat periosteal cells [186] and protein kinase B (PKB) [187]. The latter was found to be stimulated by the activation of PKA through a PI3 (phosphatidylinositol 3)-kinase-independent pathway. Furthermore, a distinct activation mechanism was suspected, other than that normally observed by growth factors such as insulin, since substitution of the serine at the S473 position of PKB with alanine could not prevent activation by forskolin. The JAK family of protein kinases in T lymphocytes can also be regulated by forskolin through the activation of PKA [188]. Thus it seems obvious that many other enzymes could be susceptible to control by forskolin. 

Jin ZQ, Karliner JS. Low dose N,N-dimethylsphingosine is cardioprotective and activates cytosolic sphingosine kinase by a PKCe-dependent mechanism. Cardiovasc. Res. 2006 71 725-734. 

Sakane, F., Yamada, K. and Kanoh H., 1989, Different effects of sphingosine, R59022 and anionic amphiphiles on two diacylglycerol kinase isozymes purified from porcine thymus cytosol, EEBS Lett. 255 409-413. 

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