Sphingomyelin/cholesterol domains

Pandit, S.A., Vasudevan, S., Chiu, S.W., Mashl, R.J., Jakobsson, E., Scott, H.L. Sphingomyelin-cholesterol domains in phospholipid membranes atomistic simulation. Biophys. J. 2004, 87, 1092-100. 

FIGURE 10.12 The mole ratio of carotenoid/phospholipid and carotenoid/total lipid (phospholipid + cholesterol) in raft domain (detergent-resistant membrane, DRM) and bulk domain (detergent-soluble membrane, DSM) isolated from membranes made of raft-forming mixture (equimolar ternary mixture of dioleoyl-PC (DOPC)/sphingomyelin/cholesterol) with 1 mol% lutein (LUT), zeaxanthin (ZEA), P-cryptoxanthin (P-CXT), or P-carotene (P-CAR). 

Matsumori and co-workers have prepared sphingomyelin-cholesterol (SM-Chol) conjugated molecules (19) and (20) by chemical synthesis and evaluated their domain formation. All assays suggested that both conjugates (19) and (20) form ordered membranes with properties similar to the SM/Chol system, although conjugate (19) showed superior domain-formation properties relative to (20). °... 

Van Duyl, B. Y., Ganchev, D., Chupin, V., de KruijfF, B. and Killian, J. A. Sphingomyelin is much more effective than saturated phosphatidylcholine in excluding unsaturated phosphatidylcholine from domains formed with cholesterol. FEES Lett. 547 101-106,2003. 

C. Yuan, J. Furlong, P. Burgos and L. J. Johnston, The size of lipid rafts an atomic force microscopy study of ganglioside GM1 domains in sphingomyelin/ DOPC/cholesterol membranes, Biophys. J., 82 (2002) 2526-2535. 

Mendez AI, Lin G, Wade DP, et al. (2001) Membrane lipid domains distinct from cholesterol/sphingomyelin-rich rafts are involved in the ABCAl-mediated lipid secretory pathway. J Biol Chem 276 3158-3166... 

Xu X, Bittman R, Duportail G, et al. (2001) Effect of the structure of natural sterols and sphingolipids on the formation of ordered sphingolipid/sterol domains (rafts). Comparison of cholesterol to plant, fungal, and disease-associated sterols and comparison of sphingomyelin, cerebrosides, and ceramide. J Biol Chem 276 33540-33546... 

Samsonov, A.V., Mihalyov, h, Cohen, F.S., Characterization of cholesterol-sphingomyelin domains and their dynamics in bilayer membranes, Biophys.]., 2001, 81, 1486-1500. 

Other interfacial chemistries are found in juxtamem-brane domains of certain proteins that show a preferential interaction with specific lipids in their head group region. Important lipids involved in these interactions include the polyphosphate phosphatidylinositol lipids, cholesterol, gangliosides, and sphingomyelin. Interfacial chemistries play a role in the formation of microdomains and can determine the effective concentration of certain amphiphilic drugs in different membranes or even in different leaflets of the same membrane. 

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