Spermophilus

Rock squirrel, Spermophilus variegatus Bone Liver... 

Deaths of nontarget species of birds after eating 1080-poisoned baits have been reported (Spurr 1979 Mcllroy 1984 Fry et al. 1986 Hegdal et al. 1986 Mcllroy et al. 1986a), although population effects have not yet been demonstrated. Birds of several species were found dead after 1080 baits were applied to kill California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi), but only Brewer s blackbird... 

Visual and olfactory stimuli contribute to anti-snake responses in mammals California ground squirrels, Spermophilus beecheyi, flag their tail and kick sand at a rattlesnake, C. viridis, more often than at a gopher snake, P. melanoleucus. The squirrels kicked sand at and approached a snake in a perforated transparent bag more frequently than one in an intact hag. Visual and chemical cues are important, but the latter seem to he the primary releasers (Henessy and Owings, 1979). 

If the model for the oscillator is correct. Per and Cry expression will define solar/ circadian time, driving the activity—rest cycle rather than just being a passive reflection of the activity cycle. Therefore, their expression patterns should exhibit the same phase in the SCN of nocturnal and diurnal species. This is confirmed by examination of Per expression in the SCN of the diurnally active ground squirrel, Spermophilus (Mrosovsky et al 2001). The rhythm of Per1 and Per2 expression in... 

Maywood ES, O Brien JA, Hastings MH 2003 Expression of mCLOCK and other circadian clock-relevant proteins in the mouse suprachiasmatic nuclei. J Neuroendocrinol 15 329-334 Mrosovsky N, Edelstein K, Hastings MH, Maywood ES 2001 Cycle ofperiod gene expression in a diurnal mammal Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) implications for nonphotic phase shifting. J Biol Rhythms 16 471-478... 

Figure 7.17. Effects of pH on binding of phosphofructokinase (PFK) to myofibrils (open symbols dashed line) and interacting effects of pH and temperature on the self-assembly of PFK, as indexed by residual PFK activity (filled symbols solid lines). Binding of PFK to myofibrils was measured using PFK-con-taining supernatants and myofibrillar preparations from white locomotory muscle of the teleost Paralabrax nebulifer (Roberts et al., 1998). PFK self-assembly was studied using purified enzyme from a mammal (Spermophilus beecheyi) (Hand and Somero, 1983). The percent residual PFK activity after incubation for 60 min under different combinations of pH and temperature provides an estimate of the fraction of PFK that remains as catalytically active tetramers or aggregates of tetramers. (Figure from Somero, 1997.)...

Frank (1991, 1992) has shown that squirrels (,Spermophilus beldingi) capable of hibernation contain lipids with melting temperatures approximately 25°C lower than those of nor-mothermic mammals. He hypothesized that the animals selectively fed on plants containing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and that the composition of the resulting depot... 

Frank, C.L. (1991). Adaptation for hibernation in the depot fats of a ground squirrel (Spermophilus beldingi). Can. J. Zool. 69 2702-2711. 

Frank, C.L. (1992). The influence of dietary fatty acids on hibernation by golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis). Physiol. Zool. 65 906-920. 

Vogl AW, Linck RW, Dym M. 1983. Colchicine-induced changes in the cy-toskeleton of the golden-mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis) Sertoli cells. Am. J. Anat. 168 99-108... 

Richardson s ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsoni) or the golden-mantled ground squirrel (S lateralis) and the fleas Oropsylla labis, O idahoensis, or Thrassus bacchi. 

Davis, L. S., 1982, Sibling recognition in Richardson s ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii), Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 11 65. 

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