Spermine oxidase

Plasma amine oxidases are in blood plasma of mammals and include spermine oxidase, which deaminates spermine and other polyamines. 

Finally, some workers suggest that still another type of oxidase, polyamine or spermine oxidase, is distinct from the above two types. Crude preparations of diamine oxidase attack spermine and spermidine derivatives and these compounds are usually considered as substrates of diamine oxidase 111). A partially purified diamine oxidase preparation did not attack spermine 18S). The compound was apparently not investigated with the highly piudfied preparation of Tabor 184). An adaptive amine oxidase from Neisseria perflava has been studied 185) which oxidatively d rades polyamines to diamines. Diamines and monoamines were not... 

Keywords Aldehyde Epigenetic Inflammation Reactive oxygen species Spermidine/spermine A -acetyltransferase Spermine oxidase... 

In mammalian cells, the catabolism of spermine to spermidine occurs via one of two distinct pathways. As a substrate for spermidine/spermine IV -acetyltransferase (SSAT), spermine can be converted to A -acetylspermine, which is subsequently oxidized by the FAD-dependent acetylpolyamine oxidase (APAO) to form spermidine. Conversely, spermine can be directly oxidized by spermine oxidase (SMOX) to form spermidine. Spermidine is then back-converted to putrescine through the two-step SSAT/APAO reaction that includes an Af-acetylspermidine intermediate (Fig. 5.1). 

Fig. 5.1 The mammalian polyamine catabolic pathway. Spermine (Spm) is back-converted to spermidine (Spd) by either spermine oxidase SMOX) or spermidine/spermine Af-acetyltransferase SSAT) followed by acetylpolyamine oxidase APAO). Spermidine is further back-converted to putrescine Put) through the same SSAT/APAO mechanism. Both oxidation reactions generate the reactive oxygen species ROS) precursor H2O2 and aldehydes as by-products. The resulting reduction in spermine and spermidine pools implies diminished antioxidant and antiinflammatory functions...

Bianchi M, Amendola R, Federico R, PolticeUi F, Mariottini P (2(X)5) Two short protein domains are responsible for the nuclear localization of the mouse spermine oxidase mu isoform. FEBS J 272 3052-3059... 

Goodwin AC, Jadallah S, Toubaji A, Lecksell K, Hicks JL, Kowalski J, Bova GS, De Marzo AM, Netto GJ, Casero RA Jr (2008) Increased spermine oxidase expression in human prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia tissues. Prostate 68(7) 766-772. 

Hong SK, Chatiuvedi R, Piazuelo MB, Cobum LA, Williams CS, Delgado AG, Casero RA Jr, Schwartz DA, Wilson KT (2010) Increased expression and cellular localization of spermine oxidase in ulcerative colitis and relationship to disease activity. Inflamm Bowel Dis 16 1557-1566... 

Murray-Stewart T, Wang Y, Devereux W, Casero RA Jr (2002) Cloning and characterization of multiple human polyamine oxidase sphce variants that code for isoenzymes with different biochemical characteristics. Biochem J 368 673-677 Murray-Stewart T, Wang Y, Goodwin A, Hacker A, Meeker A, Casero RA Jr (2(X)8) Nuclear localization of human spermine oxidase isoforms possible implications in drug response and disease etiology. FEBS J 275 2795-2806... 

Fig. 24.1 Polyamine and glutathione metaboUc pathway differences in parasite and mammalian ceU enzymes involved in polyamine biosynthesis (purple font inside solid ovcds), catabolic enzymes black font inside dashed ovals), and enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism (red font inside solid ovals). ODC ornithine decarboxylase, AdoMetDC S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, SpdSyn spermidine synthase, SpmSyn spermine synthase, SMO spermine oxidase, SSAT spermidine/spermine N acetyltransferase, APAO JV acetyl polyamine oxidase, yGCS...

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