Sperm storage

Zinc concentration of sperm storage Fertilizing ability of stored sperm significantly reduced (Blesbois and medium increased from 25 to 90 mg/L Mauger 1989). 

Hunter, R.H.E. and Nichol, R. (1986). A preovulatory temperature gradient between the isthmus and the ampulla of pig oviducts during the phase of sperm storage, y. Reprod. Fert. 77, 599-606. 

Stewart, G. R., 1972, An unusual record of sperm storage in a garter snake (genus Thamnophis), Herpetologica, 28 346. 

Take supernatant carefully and resuspend the pellet in 500pL of sperm storage buffer, and transfer suspension into a 1.5-mL Eppendorf tube. 

Count of the sperm nuclei After the final spin, resuspend the peUet in l(X)pL of sperm storage buffer. For a 1 100 dilution of our sperm stock, we typically obtain counts of 80 (xlO nuclei/mL) in 1-mm x 1-mm x 0.1-mm square of an improved Neubauer hemacytometer. At this concentration, the undiluted stock contains 8 x lO nuclei/pL, and we use lOpL of that for a reaction. If the sperm stock is substantially less concentrated, let the sperm settle for a few hours or overnight, and remove some of supernatant. If the count is still low, use up to 30 pL of the sperm nuclei per reaction. Sperm nuclei cau be frozen in aliquots at -80°C. 

BLAXTER JHS (1953) Sperm storage and cross-fertiUzation of spring and autumn spawning herring. Nature, 26,1189-1190. 

TIERSCH TR, GOUDIE CA and CARMICHEL GJ (1994) Cryopreservatiou of channel catfish sperm Storage in cryoprotectants, fertilization trials, and growth of channel cathsh produced with cryopreserved sperm. Transaction of the American Fisheries Society, 123, 580-586. 

Arena AC, Femadez CD, Porto EM et al (2008) Fenvalerate, a pyrethroid insecticide, adversely affects sperm production and storage in male rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 71 1550-1558... 

The key objective of our efforts has been to develop a vaginal formulation that optimizes spermicidal and antiviral activity while enhancing spreading and true bioadhesiveness. Utilization of strict design principles for an excipient delivery vehicle, which included substantivity to vaginal mucosa, saline compatibility, compatibility with a wide range of spermicidal and antiviral compounds, low irritation potential, sperm impedance, system stability, and efficacy after stressed storage conditions, resulted in the development of DCE s [11,12,13]. Based on the results from in vitro studies, the DCE vehicle was selected for clinical development. 

The male reproductive tract consists of the (i) testes, which serve as the site of gamete and steroid hormone production, (ii) excurrant ducts and epididymes for the transport, maturation, and storage of sperm, (iii) accessory sex glands for the production of seminal fluid, and (iv) penis, for copulation and delivery of mature sperm to the female reproductive tract. 

Liposomal ATP protected human endothelial cells from energy failure in a cell culture model of sepsis (21). ATP-L increased the number of ischemic episodes tolerated before electrical silence and brain death in the rat (22,23). In a hypovolemic shock-reperfusion model in rats, the administration of ATP-L increased hepatic blood flow during shock and reperfusion of the liver (24). The addition of the ATP-L during cold storage preservation of rat liver improved its energy state and metabolism (25,26). Co-incubation of ATP-L with sperm cells improved their motility (27). Finally, biodistribution studies demonstrated significant accumulation of ATP-L in ischemia-damaged canine myocardium (28). 

Another important helical domain is the globin fold, found in the first protein for which the three-dimensional structure was determined, the oxygen storage protein, myoglobin (Figure 3.15b), from the muscle of the sperm... 

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