Spent fuel Swedish disposal concept

SVEMAR, C. Swedish Developments of Concepts for Direct Disposal of Spent Fuel. Geological Disposal of Spent Fuel and High Level and Alpha Bearing Wastes. Antwerp, (Oct. 1992), p. 239... 

Swedish bedrock. However, it was also concluded that much additional research and development work were needed before the KBS concept could be realized. The view that the KBS concept can be used as the main alternative in the industry s R D programme has been reconfirmed in the later reviews of Swedish and Finnish spent fuel disposal programmes [1,2]. It is also clear that before starting to construct the actual facilities, the safety of the selected concept and of its viable alternatives will be thoroughly evaluated. 

Ion-exchange processes are also of utmost importance in the Swedish concept for final storage of nuclear fuel. According to this method, the spent nuclear fuel will be placed in copper canisters that are disposed into bentonite-filled shafts at about 500 m depth in the granite bedrock close to the Forsmark nuclear power plant. In this concept there are four barriers that will prevent radionuclides from leaking into the groundwater (1) the fuel itself is very insoluble in water, (2) the copper canister is chemically stable, (3) bentonite clay (sodium montmorillonite) is... 

In Sweden, the KBS concept for disposal of spent nuclear fuel or high level reprocessing waste, was developed in a short time due to the provisions of the so called Stipulation Act. Based on a series of safety evaluations of the KBS concept and on reviews of these, the Swedish Government concluded in 1984 that safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel and other high level waste is feasible in the... 

The Swedish concept for disposal of spent nuclear fuel includes isolation of the fuel rods in steel-lined copper canisters buried approximately... 

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