Specific Liquid Applied Lining Materials

Most liquid applied lining materials are capable of being formulated to meet requirements for specific applications. Corrosion data referring to the suitability of a lining material for a specific corrodent indicates that a formulation is available to meet these conditions. Since all formulations available may not be suitable, the manufacturer must be checked as to the suitability of his formulation. 

Phenolics were the first commercial synthetic resins introduced in the early 1900s. They are available as 100% phenolic baking resins, oil modified and phenolic dispersions. 

In general, baked phenolic linings have excellent resistance to acids, solvents, food products, beverages, and water. It has poor flexibility compared with other lining materials, with a dry heat resistance of 400T/204°C. 

Refer to Table 6.1 for the compatibility of phenolics with selected corrodents. Reference 1 provides a more comprehensive listing. 

These linings are nearly equivalent to high bake phenolics with a dry heat resistance of 150 F/65 C. They may be formulated for excellent resistance to alkalies, solvents, fresh water, salt, deionized water, and mild acid resistance. 

---

In the early amplitude selection, the number of scan lines was 2-4, and the frame frequency /p was 50-60 Hz. Because of a frame inversion for the AC drive, the minimum driving frequency of the drive voltage applied to the LCD was H /p, which means 30 Hz. The effective dielectric constant under such low frequencies fluctuated because the ionic conduction mainly fluctuated which led to malfunctions. More than lO Q. cm were required as the specific resistance of the bulk liquid crystal material. 

---