Liquid applied linings materials

Most liquid applied lining materials are capable of being formulated to meet requirements for specific applications. Corrosion data referring to the suitability of a lining material for a specific corrodent indicates that a formulation is available to meet these conditions. Since all formulations available may not be suitable, the manufacturer must be checked as to the suitability of his formulation. 

For liquid applied linings it is important to remember that for a successful installation it is necessary for a chemical reaction to occur in the material on the substrate. In order for the reaction to take place, it is necessary that correct re-... 

Figure 2. 8. (a) Transmission line representation of Nernst-Planck Poisson equation system for a binary electrolyte. Rp and R are charge transfer resistances for positive and negative charge species at the electrode, respectively, (b) General approximate equivalent circuit (full-cell, unsupported) for the [0. Ai> cases applying to a homogeneous liquid or solid material. 

Several years ago 3M developed a paper-thin, electrically sensitive Privacy Film, based on patents held by Kent State University and Raychem Corporation. Between two sheets of this film, a layer of liquid crystal was put and all are held between panes of glass to produce the Privacy Glass (Electrically switchable smart windows). When electricity is applied to this system, the liquid crystals line up and the foggy material becomes clear, when the current is withdrawn, it becomes opaque again. 

Figure 1.11 Temporal behavior of a step-like stress, (Tq. applied between t and ti (a), and of the corresponding y i) (b) for a Newtonian liquid (red line), a Hookean solid (blue line) and a viscoelastic material (continuous black curve) showing a creep-recovery dynamics. The anelastic component to the viscoelastic response is also shown (green line).

When applying low temperature requirements, one should consider safety valve and flare headers to be subject to "shock chilling" if they can be exposed to cold liquids released into the system. This includes flare headers from blowdown drums into which cold liquids are discharged. Where laterals of different piping material are combined, the material of the lower-temperature header is continued for the rest of the combined line, and is also extended back into the other lines for 6 m. 

Employing the corrosion- and abrasion-resistant properties of elastomers by applying a lining of suitable material to vessels, tanks, valves, pipes, etc., handling corrosive liquids. 

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