Specific gravity conversion

Applies to water only. For the other fluids use appropriate specific gravity conversion. 

An abridged compilation of specific gravity conversions is given m Table 1. The specific gravities of numerous materials are given throughout this volume. 

SPECIFIC GRAVITY CONVERSION TABLE FOR CANE SUGAR SOLUTIONS... 

Gas, Specifications and Test Methods, and Standard Factors for Volume Correction and Specific Gravity Conversion of LPG Gases and Volatile Gasolines. The hazards of handling volatile liquids are emphasized by Pamphlet 58 of the National Board of Fire Underwriters. ... 

Twaddell Hydrometer. This hydrometer, which is used only for liquids heavier than water, has a scale such that when the reading is multiplied by 5 and added to 1000 the resulting number is the specific gravity with reference to water as 1000. To convert specific gravity at 60°/60°F to Twaddell degrees, take the decimal portion of the specific gravity value and multiply it by 200 thus a specific gravity of 1.032 = 0.032 X 200 = 6.4° Tw. See also special table for conversion to density and Baume scale. 

Conversion of Specific Gravity at 25°/25°C to Density at any Temperature from 0° to 40°C. Liquids change volume with change in temperature, but the amount of this change, /3 (coefficient of cubical expansion), varies widely with different liquids, and to some extent for the same liquid at different temperatures. 

U.S. regulations define this standard as foUows proof spirit shaU be held to be that alcohoHc Hquor which contains one-half its volume of alcohol of a specific gravity of 0.7939 at 15.6°C ie, the figure for proof is always twice the percent alcohol content by volume. For example, 100° proof means 50% alcohol by volume. In the United Kingdom as weU as Canada, proof spirit is such that at 10.6°C alcohol weighs exactiy twelve-thirteenths of the weight of an equal bulk of distiUed water. A proof of 87.7° indicates an alcohol concentration of 50%. A conversion factor of 1.142 can be used to change British proof to U.S. proof. 

Monomer conversion (79) is followed by measuring the specific gravity of the emulsion. The polymerization is stopped at 91% conversion (sp gr 1.069) by adding a xylene solution of tetraethylthiuram disulfide. The emulsion is cooled to 20°C and aged at this temperature for about 8 hours to peptize the polymer. During this process, the disulfide reacts with and cleaves polysulfide chain segments. Thiuram disulfide also serves to retard formation of gel polymer in the finished dry product. After aging, the alkaline latex is acidified to pH 5.5—5.8 with 10% acetic acid. This effectively stops the peptization reaction and neutralizes the rosin soap (80). 

If the liquid is water, the specific gravity is 1.00. VVe see that two factors separate psi from head in feet . First is the 2.31 conversion factor, and second, the specific gravity. 

Specific volume is a conversion of specific gravity into cubic inches per pound. Since the volume of material in a product is the first bit of information established after its shape is formulated, the specific volume is a convenient conversion factor for weight ... 

Through conversion, head may be expressed in units other than feet of fluid by taking the specific gravity of the fluid into account. 

A working equation with fixed units is derived from Equation 9-2 by (1) replacing the density p with the specific gravity (p/pret) and (2) making the appropriate substitutions for the unit conversions. The result is... 

The specific rate is k = 5.2 1 iter/gmol-hr at 82 C. Equal molal quantities the reactants are to be used. They are supplied as aqueous solutions, bicarbonate as 15 wt% and the chlorhydrin as 30 wt%. Production of glycol to be 20 kg/hr at 95% conversion. Specific gravity of the feed mixture 1.02. Find the required reactor volumes of a PFR and of a CSTR. 

Probably the simplest tool in discriminating between, notably, LNAPL product types is the measurement of API gravity. API gravity is similar to specific gravity but differs by the following conversion ... 

Density or specific gravity (relative density) is used whenever conversions must be made between mass (weight) and volume measurements. This property is often used in combination with other test results to predict oil quality, and several methods are available for measurement of density (or specific gravity). However, the density (specific gravity) (ASTM D1298 IP 160) is probably of... 

Accurate determination of the density or specific gravity of crude oil is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15.56°C (60°F) (ASTM D1250 IP 200 Petroleum Measurement Tables). The specific gravity is also a factor reflecting the quality of crude oils. 

The yields for the various products were given as a function of the properties of the feedstocks and the volume percent conversion. The feedstock properties are the feed sulfur content expressed as a weight percent, the feed API and Watson characterization factor, K. The API is related to specific gravity by the following equation ... 

In spite of its high specific gravity the apparent density of the needle-shaped crystals, according to Clark [15], is only 0.27 under a pressure of 240kg/cm2 it is 0.86. The crystals may be obtained in the form of pellets whose apparent density is about 0.8. The effect of the conditions of preparation have been thoroughly examined by Smolenski and Plucinski [13], They found that at a diazotization temperature as recommended by Clark, i.e. 15°C, the product pours with difficulty. Conversely, diazotization at a higher temperature (25-45°C) results in formation of a product with a density of about 0.82. 

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