Specific edge load

The two parameters that describe the refining process by the specific edge load theory are SEL or intensity of refining and specific refining energy (SRE) and these are defined below. 

What is the refining intensity or specific edge load through each of the refiners... 

Knoop hardness It is a measure of hardness is measured by a calibrated machine that forces a rhomb-shape, pyramidal diamond indenter having specified edge angles under specific small loading conditions into the surface of the test material the long diagonal in the material is measured after removal of the load. 

Specific surface load (SSL) theory is an extension of SEL theory and it assumes that the energy is transferred to the fibre bundles during the short edge-to-edge contact phase as well as during the edge-to-surface phase (Lumiainen, 1990). By combining these two, SSL is defined as shown in Equation (13.6), where Equation (13.7) holds ... 

Knoop Hardness Test n An indentation hardness test using calibrated machines to force a rhombic-based pyramidal diamond indenter having specific edge angles, under specified conditions, into the surface of the material under test and to measure the long diagonal after removal of the load. (Handbook of physical polymer testing, vol 50. Brown R (ed). Marcel Dekker, New York, 1999 www.astm.org). 

Occasionally a repair is needed that will maintain an aerodynamically smooth surface on exterior surfaces of sandwich structure. In this case an internal doubler is used to hold the filler detail (called a dime-dollar repair for obvious reasons Fig. 24). Damaged trailing edges can be the most difficult to repair because of the difficult geometry (Fig. 25). Repairs of larger areas follow the same general concepts but must be engineered individually to account for specific part shape and load requirements. 

Figure 9.19 The Pt and Ir L3 edge in situ XANES spectra for Pto.8lro.2/Pd/C (20 nmol Pd) in 1 M HCIO4 at 0.47 V. The Pd loading in these nanoparticles has been doubled to enhance the Ir signal in the specific experiment. (Reproduced with permission from Vukmirovic et al. [2007].)...

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