Species Inventory

In general, division of the Baltic into districts follows the recommendation of the BMB WG21 as published in Nielsen et al. (1995), but for presentation in Section 16.3, these districts were grouped. 

Probably the most comprehensive recent survey of macrophytobenthos species of the Baltic Sea was published by Nielsen et al. (1995). In this survey, 422 species of macroalgae living in the Baltic Sea are listed. However, no such comprehensive survey exists about the aquatic higher plants that are the dominant component in areas with low salinity. 

Comparison between the earlier surveys listed above and the recent one by Nielsen et al. (1995) is hampered by two facts first, problems in the definition of the term macroalgae and second, problems in taxonomy. 

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The plantwide control deals, mainly, with the mass balance of the species involved in the process. The species inventory can be maintained based on two different principles, namely self-regulation and feedback control. Control structures based on self-regulation set the flow rates of fresh reactants at values determined by the production rate and stoichiometry. Control of inventory by feedback consists of fixing one flow rate in each recycle loop, evaluating the inventory by means of concentration or level measurements, and reducing the deviations from the setpoint by change of the feed rate of fresh reactants. 

Consider a well-stirred batch reactor of constant fluid volume V in which the reactions occurring are homogeneous. As the system for our macroscopic balances, we choose the fluid in the reactor volume V then the inflows Wn and outflows Wi2 vanish and no mass-transfer surface 0 is required. The species inventories are expressed in terms of fluid concentrations as... 

Having the above mentioned limitations in mind, a first comparison of past and present species inventory of the Baltic can be made by the data provided by Nielsen et al. (1995). 

Summarizing, the examples presented above illustrate that our knowledge about species inventory of the Baltic is not complete as yet. 

For the southern Baltic coast, a comprehensive survey about changes in species inventory was given by Schories et al. (2(X)6a) and the main results are summarized in Table 16.3. 

TABLE 16.3 Potential Changes in Species Inventory of Common Macrophytes of the... 

In the following we give an overview on the macrozoobenthos species inventory of the southern Baltic based on literature data that were digitalized, georeferenced, and combined with own recent data. In total, about 100 000 data originating between 1839 and 2006 have been analyzed. 

Figure 2.2 (A-C) Hypothetical relationships bettveen utility, effort and completeness for species inventory (grey curves) and conservation assessment (black curves). Figure adapted tvitb permission from Green et al. (2005).

Ecological impact of operations. This includes the loss of biodiversity, loss of species, loss of wetlands and restoration of land and waters to environmentally beneficial use. This requires setting a base inventory and then periodically updating it. 

Example 10.12 Estimate the surface inventory of component A for the catalytic CSTR in Example 10.9. Assume that the surface reaction is ratecontrolling and that A is the only adsorbed species. Suppose A is a moderately large molecule that occupies a site that is 1 nm by 1 nm. 

There are some variations in the composition of chemical clouds as they evolve in time from dark clouds such as TMC-1 to giant molecular clouds such as Orion where the presence of light from young stars initiates photochemistry. The Orion molecular cloud chemical inventory contains several saturated species such as ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and its CN analogue (CH3CH2CN), the simplest carboxylic acid (CH3COOH, acetic acid) and methylamine (CH3 NH2). 

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