Spark train

Io = Uo- Ub) /( t/oVWO The spark frequency within the spark train is ... 

Primary expls (initiating) are used to start the train of reactions which results in the deton of secondary HE s or of the functioning of ammo. These expls are the most sensitive of all chemical components in military ammo, hence, the most hazardous. Primary expls can be ignited by an elec heater or spark, heat from mechanical friction, a free flame, or by an RF (radio frequency) signal. The ideal primary expl is a single compd, since this affords greatest control of its characteristics. Unfortunately, such a compd is not always available so that mixts must usually be used... 

Fig. 18. Schematic of apparatus used to measure fluorescence kinetics with a streak camera. The Nd glass laser emits a train of one hundred 1.06 pm pulses separated by 6 ns. A single pulse in the earlier portion of the train is selected by a Pockels cell and crossed polarizers (Pi and P2). The high voltage pulse ( 5 ns) at the Pockels cell is supplied by a laser triggered spark gap and a charged line. The single pulse ( 8 ps, 109 W) can be amplified. The second harmonic is generated from a phase matched KDP crystal. Beam splitters provide two side beams beam (1) triggers the streak camera beam (2) arriving at the streak camera at an earlier time acts as a calibrating pulse. The main 0.53 pm beam excites the sample for fluorescence measurement. The fluorescence collected with f/1.25 optics is focused into the 30 pm slit of the streak camera. The streak produced at the phosphorescent screen is recorded by an optical multichannel analyzer. (After ref. 67.)...

Many people think that innovation cannot be planned. It is, of course, true that some individuals are more creative than others, and that there is no way of training employees to have the spark of genius. Nevertheless, programs can be set up to ensure that the best ideas are identified and fostered, and the right environment can be created. 

When a train of electric sparks are made to pass through a eudiometer containing hydrochloric acid, a small quantity of this acid is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen. 

First, one must know the locations of the shaft currents. Brushes are then positioned so that the current can travel the path of least resistance to leave the unit without any sparking. They can be placed either axially or radially, as shown in Fig. 2. Axial brushes are effective when shaft currents are generated at the extreme end of a turbomachinery set, such as at the end of a compressor-turbine train. Radial brushes can be used in a turbine where the shaft is projected between the casing and bearing housing, and, if possible, should be mounted on the shaft inside the bearing housing. 

A comparison with the commercial scooters powered by 50 cm spark ignition engines, made in terms of energy consumption per unit of traveled distance on the same standard driving cycle, evidences that a very strong reduction of consumed kJ km is possible for the fuel cell power train, in particular its overall efficiency results about 2.5 times better than conventional propulsion systems. 

Figure 9. Time-resolved spectra showing the transient emissionfrom a train ofstable spark discharges with a mild steel sample. Each spectrum was obtained by adding successive readout signals for a 1-s period. Emission lines observed were 1, Fe(I) 382.59 nm 2, Fe(I) 382.78nm 3, Ee(l)383.42nm 4, Fe(I)384.04and384.11 nm 5, Ar(II)385.06nm 6, Fe(I) 385.64 nm 7, Fe(I) 385.99 nm and 8, Ar(II) 387.22 nm.

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