Spade test

THE SPADE TEST FOR ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURE. It is absolutely essential to test the soil structure with the spade in order to be able to make the correct decisions about soil preparation and to judge the success of soil improvement measures. Two spades are used to take a block of soil at least 10 cm thick. The state of the soil is then described in terms of the following criteria ... 

Chambionnat (Ref 9) in the course of investigation of the possible use of GijC, as a fungicide, prepd mixts of Cu C with inert subst, such as talcum pdr, and detd their expl props. The tests showed that mixts of talc with as little as 16% CujCj can be initiated by an elec spade, but it requires a minimum of 25% CuaC2 for initiation by heat, such as a hot plate. Mixts with as little as 35% Cu Cj can be initiated by rubbing in mortar at temp 55 60°, whereas at RT a minimum of 65-70% of Cu2C, is required. 

See Combustion Teats, Index of Inflammability Teat and also under Sensitivity to Flame, Heat, Spades, Electrostatic Discharges, etc Tests... 

The test animal shall be characterized as to spades, strain, sex, weight and/or age. Each animal must be assigned an appropriate identification number. 

If the gun-cotton sample removed from the poacher stands the heat test satisfactorily, the machine is stopped, and the water drained off The cotton is allowed some little time to drain, and is then dug out by means of wooden spades, and is then ready for pressing. The poachers hold about 2,000 lbs. of material, and as this represents the products of many hundred distinct nitrating operations, a very uniform mixture is obtained. 

Uniaxial tension mechanical tests were performed on the samples shaped like a two-sided spade with different sizes. Tests were conducted on a universal testing apparatus at a temperature of 20°C and a strain rate of-2 10-3 s. ... 

The report of the inquiry [111] criticised the design and fabrication of the alterations made to the original pontoon. The actual cause of the accident was the failure of some tie bars in the detail around the jacking points. The failure was due to brittle fracture which initiated from severe notches such as a small radius curve at the fillet between the spade end and the shank of the tie bar. Weld defects and fatigue cracks were also present in tie bars subsequently recovered from the sea bed. The tie bars had been flame cut to shape and had weld repairs visible to the eye. There had been no post welding heat treatment of the steel. The steel complied with the original specification but tests showed low Charpy V notch impact values. Photo elastic tests indicated a stress concentration factor of 7 at the fillet between the spade end and the shank. The fracture was initiated in the opinion of the inquiry tribunal by the low ambient temperature of around 3°C. 

Uniaxial tension mechanical tests have been performed on the samples in the shape of two-sided spade with sizes according to GOST 11262-80. The tests have been conducted on universal testing apparatus Gotech Testing Machine CT-TCS 2000, production of German Federal Republic, at temperature 293 K and strain rate 2 10 s" [4]. 

The literature abounds in test methodologies for generating, characterizing, and measuring foam. It is not our goal to cite and describe them all. Fortunately, a CESIO working group did the spade work and selected a limited number of specific methods which are easy to use and implement in the laboratory for the characterization of surfactants or finished products [7]. 

Remove or spade off any control valve or instrument liable to damage under test 1 pres.sure, replace with. spool or make good joint and open any by-pass valves ... 

Spade off or isolate process equipment with lower allowable pressure than test pressure ... 

As a next step, test bars should be obtained by injection-molding. Production of test bars in the form of a spade is convenient for further examination of mechanical properties. Figure 11.5 shows a mold for the production of various test samples from top to bottom for notched and unnotched impact strength, for bending tests, and for tensile testing. 

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