Space organic compounds from

To maximize safety and therapeutic efficacy, potential drugs are required to be highly specific for their protein target and orally bioavailable. In addition, for a drug candidate to reach the market, it must be patentably novel. A computational approach therefore needs to find novel compounds with well-defined pharmacological properties from the vast space of possible organic compounds ( chemical space ). 

Note that we shall not introduce the idea that these and/or other required organic compounds found on the Earth came to the Earth from outer space although some are found there. Such additions to the Earth go no way in helping us to understand how an energised system of reactions evolved in confined volumes, cells). 

Solid-phase microextraction has also been used for to determine volatile organic compounds in soil [26]. Target compounds were adsorbed directly from a head-space sample above a soil layer onto a fused-silica fibre. Vacuum distillation coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [27], head-... 

Adsorbed organic compounds do not necessarily occupy surface sites in a random fashion. Favorable hydrophobic interactions, for example, may cause some organic compounds to adsorb in groups, enhancing overall surface coverage. Electrostatic repulsion between charged adsorbate molecules, in contrast, may space molecules on the surface apart from one another. 

Figure 2.1 Exploded views showing the nonporous membrane size-exclusion phenomenon in the uptake and loss of organic compounds. Middle illustration shows the movement of contaminant molecules through transient pores in the membrane and retention (membrane exclusion) of much larger lipid molecules. Upper illustration shows similarly scaled space-filled molecular models of some organic contaminants and triolein, along with the hypothetical polymer pore (transient) size. Reprinted with permission from the American Petroleum Institute (Huckinset al., 2002).

Most all of the organic compounds which have been reported from studies of cotton plant parts and cotton trash have been included in this review. Only those which seem most unlikely to be cotton-derived natural products have been excluded. For example, the phthallates reported as "air space volatiles of the cotton plant" are likely artifacts derived from cjommon plastics (.9) some hydrocarbons found to be in cotton lint and waste probably came from a source obtained from petrolexim W and aflatoxln is presumably a mold metabolite (36). A few other compounds have been excluded for similar reasons. 

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