South America specific countries

Advances in stem cell therapy have received a great deal of press in recent years. Unfortunately, when public expectations have been raised, patients are likely to search for non-orthodox sources of treatment. There are tens of thousands of internet pages extolling the promise of stem cells, and various forms of stem cell therapy are available on a commercial basis in a number of countries, including China, South America, and Eastern Europe. However, most administer the stem cells in an uncontrolled way and do not have long term follow-up so that rational scientific conclusions cannot be reached. The science provides hope for potential therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases, but it is in its early stages and much is still needed to be learned about how to control stem cell proliferation, differentiation into specific cells and optimal functional recovery in animal models before human trials. The collection and use of human fetal tissue may also raise ethical concerns. 

XYZ Chemical has similar operations consisting primarily of pesticide and herbicide manufacturing operations in the United States, Europe, Asia, and South America. Since the operations are similar, the prioritization process (illustrated in Table 3.4) consists of cataloging all chemicals in transit (in and out of their facilities), modes of transport, qnantities, and nnmber of annual shipments. Specifically, the prioritization process is a combination of the hazards- and consequence-based prioritization processes illnstrated in Figure 3.4. If this process were expanded to a likelihood- or risk-based process, then additional factors (e.g., the number of shipment, length of shipment) may have been included in the prioritization. With this data collected, the hazards of each chemical and the potential impacts are docnmented based on the chemical physical properties and quantities in transit. With all of the information collected, the following qualitative ranking is nsed to prioritize issnes for escalation and identification of countries and operations that will need to condnct more detailed risk analyses ... 

The taste of a toothpaste is critical for the consumer. Apart from very specific exceptions, such as flavors for children, the range of flavors is very limited. Eighty percent of tastes are based on mint, peppermint, or a mixture of the two. Most of the remainder is methyl salicylate from the gaultheria plant. In some countries, there are variations from these norms for example fruity notes in Japan, aniseed in the Mediterranean, and spicy notes in South America. Flavors must be pleasant and associated with a clean feeling. This is the reason mint/peppermint oils together with menthol account for 60-80% of flavor bases for toothpastes. The flavor sources are either natural or synthetic. 

Chagas disease prevalent in South and Central America, affecting 16-18 million people in 21 countries. Causes 13,000 deaths per year. Infection is often asymptomatic for years but can eventually cause fatal heart damage. Two drugs are available for treatment, but can have serious and frequent side-effects. Dengue fever more than one-third of the world s population are under threat from this mosquito-borne disease. Responsible tor 21,000 deaths per year. No specific treatment exists. 

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