Some further examples with explanations

Various groups can be attached to any positions of a carbon chain or around the ring. The prefixes which can be added give the names of the groups attached and are as follows  

If there are two groups of the same type in a molecule, its name has a prefix di e.g. di-chloro-, and you need to say on which carbon atoms the Cl is located, e.g. C1CH2 CH2 CH2C1 would be called 1,3-dichloropropane . Note the commas between numbers and the hyphen between a number and a letter. More names will be given in later chapters. 

Cl on the first carbon atom, counting from either end, hence I -chloropropane ). Can this compound have any isomers Try these CH3CH(Br)CH2Cl BrCH2CH(Br)CH2CH2CH2Br. These Cl compounds are destroyers of our ozone layer if they get into the atmosphere. 

It is improbable that you would be confronted with more complicated names to interpret without specialist advice, but the names on bottles can often contain these long names showing the exact formula of the materials present. These days all food materials should contain a list of contents, but remember what I said about pharmacists and medics they use their own trivial and nonsystem-atic names. Large firms, I am sure, do this to confuse the public so that they do not realize the cheapness of a contents inside the fancy package. Whoever would want to call water aqua  

The ingredients list on the side of a packet of toothpaste said it contained  

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To further elaborate on this last point, it should be noted that once corpuscular theory is introduced it should provide students with meaningful descriptions, explanations and predictions of macroscopic phenomena and relationships in terms of sub-microscopic entities such as atoms, molecules and electrons. But, alas, according to the foram of experts in chemical education, it does not (Van Berkel et al., 2000). Not only students, but also teachers as well as textbook writers make mistakes with regard to the macro/sub-micro/symbolic levels. Here are some examples mentioned by the international and Dutch fomm. 

The explanation along this line is usually made in most textbooks. However, the ideal conditions are seldom achieved in any practical counting system, and some modifications of the fundamental equations are required in order to correct the possible effects which may disturb the ideal conditions. For example, the 47t P- proportional counter has an appreciable sensitivity to y-rays. Furthermore the y-transition is detected by the p-detector through the internal conversion process, if any. Besides, because a coincidence mixer has a finite resolving time, false accidental coincidences are inevitably produced by chance. In addition to this problem, further consideration must be given when a nuclide with a complex decay scheme is measured. Taking account of all of these effects the coincidence equation becomes... 

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