Soman chemical structure

Cohen, E.M., P.J. Christen, and E. Mobach. 1971. The Inactivation of Oximes of Sarin and Soman in Plasma from Various Species. I. The Influence of Diacetylmonoxime on the Hydrolysis of Sarin. Pp. 113-131 in Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Van Wetenschappen, Series C, Biological and Medical Sciences, Vol. 74. J.A. Cohen Memorial issue. Amsterdam North-Holland. Davies, D.R., P. Holland, and M.J. Rumens. 1960. The relationship between the chemical structure and neurotoxicity of alkyl organophosphorus compounds. Br. J. Pharmacol. 15 271-278... 

FIGURE 19.1 Chemical structures of nerve agents the nerve agents sarin (GB), soman (GD), and cyclosarin (GF) lose fluorine subsequent to binding to cholinesterase. The agents tabun (GA), VX, and Russian VX lose CN, and the thiol groups, respectively. 

Convulsions are among the most severe symptoms of intoxication with high toxic OPC. The reduction of central convulsive syndrome exerts positive effect on both the course of OPC intoxication and the delayed consequences. For this, antidotic formulas are supplemented with anticonvulsants of different chemical structures (diazepam, clonazepam, phenazepam, etc ). Anticonvulsants facilitate normalization of metabolism of biogenic amines and CNS uptake of glucose, whose consumption grows up steeply in poisonings with soman [92]. 

The general formula and chemical structures of most OP compounds discussed in this chapter are shown in Table 1 of Chapter 2, The nerve agents tabun, sarin, and soman were the most potent compounds in the class, causing lethality to animals in the submilligram range. Their chemical structures are. shown in Fig. I. 

DFP is a highly toxic organophosphate. Its chemical structure is similar to that of sarin and soman. It is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, and its toxic actions are lower but similar to those of sarin and soman. Snbcutaneous administration of 1.5 mg/kg... 

Agent GD (soman, pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate CAS no. 96-64-0) is a colorless liquid with a molecular weight of 182.2 (DA 1974 MacNaughton and Brewer 1994). Its chemical structure is... 

Chemical warfare agents, such as soman and sarin, sometimes termed nerve gases, are powerful anticholinesterases, which bear some resemblance in structure and properties, to the OP insecticides. A major difference from most insecticides is their high volatility. These agents were possessed by the major powers during World War II, althongh they were never employed in warfare. 

Figure 1 Structures of chemical warfare agents (sarin and soman), simulants (dimethyl methylphosphonate and diisoproyl fluorophosphate), and pesticides (paratliion and diazinon).

Fleming, C.D., Edwards, C.E., Kirby, S.D., Maxwell, D.M., Potter, P.M., Cerasoli, D.M., Redindo, M.R. (2007). Crystal structure of human carhoxylesterase 1 in covalent complexes with the chemical warfare agents soman and tahun. Biochemistry 46 5063-71. 

Soman (GD) is a fluorinated organophosphorus compound with a chemical name of pinacolyl methyl phosphonofluoridate, and it is a lethal nerve agent. The chemical formula is CHjPOCFjOCHCCHjjCCCHjjj. The structure and molecular formula of the compound are shown in Figure 8.32. 

Organophosphates and their family of conqmunds are potent neurotoxins that share structural similarities to chemical warfare agents such as sarin, soman and VX. Organophosphates are cholinesterase inhibitors and exposure to OP compounds leads to increased neurotransmitter accumulation. Classical synq)toms of OP exposure include salivation, lacrimination, urination and defecation. E q)osure to OP con )ounds can cause Ettigue, dizziness, vomiting, paralysis and even death (2). 

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