Solving problems charts

Fig. 21.4. Detailed problem solving flow chart for the Bulging Drum Problem...

Prepare a problem-solving flow chart specific to this problem, similar to Fig. 21.4 for the Bulging Drum Problem. How might you have approached the problem differently ... 

Follow the steps of the problem solving flow chart ... 

Reading hints help you identify and bookmark important charts, tables, and illustrations for easy reference. For example, you may want to use a self-adhesive note to bookmark the periodic table in the chapter describing it or on the inside back cover of your book so you can easily locate it and use it for reference as you study different aspects of chemistry and solve problems involving elements and compounds. 

Throughout the present treatment, we have been stressing the use of statistical techniques and control charts. This does not imply that control charts can change processes or solve the problems. They are tools that provide a road map to assist in solving problems at a low cost to products and services. It is people working in conjunction with these tools that change and Improve the processes. 

Figure 6.6-3 (Reprinted with permissinn from 0. A. Hougen, K. M. Watson, and R. A. Ragatz, Chemical Process Principles Charts, 2nd ed., John Wiley Sons, New York, I960. This figure appears as an Adobe PDF file on the CD-ROM accompanying this book, and may be enlarged and printed for easier reading and for use in solving problems.)...

To solve the first problem, Chart on recognized that E values are related to the size of the substituent and that for symmetric substituents, E can be calculated from the radius. Kutter and Hansch modified this idea to use the average of the minimum and maximum radii of the group. 

A5. Develop your own key relations chart for this chapter. That is, on one page summarize ever5 ng you would want to know to solve problems in flash distillation. Include sketches, equations, and key words. 

Fig. 7.1 Problem solving flow chart. Questions to consider when selecting a microscopy technique.

Mold to be properly fit in the machine and to be checked for substrate sinks and substrate support. Cut the tool to obtain complete shut off with interference into substrate. Thickness of the vents has to be checked and in some cases this has to be reduced to avoid the flash. Flow chart 5.2.10 shows the way to solve problem of flash over substrate or on periphery of part. 

Emphasis on Solving Problems The emphasis is on the solution of problems, and the text contains many example problems, questions for discussion, and appendices. Very few derivations and proofs are required of the student. The approach to problem-solving is to start each new problem from first principles. No attempt is made to train the student to use pre-prepared charts and graphs. 

Seven of the tools of quahty have been summarized (43). The first tool is a flow chart, used to help understand the organizational flow of a procedure or process. A flow chart should be constmcted with the fiiU participation of the people who do the work. Its principal benefit is to enable teams, such as problem-solving or productivity improvement teams, to reach a common vision of the work flow. Its use enables the improvement effort to begin with this common understanding. Figure 3 contains an example for manufacture of a polymeric material. 

Venous Nomogra.phs, The alignment chart is restricted neither to addition operations, nor to three-variable problems. Alignment charts can be used to solve most mathematical problems, from linear ones having any number of variables, to ratiometric, exponential, or any combination of problems. A very useful property of these alignment diagrams is the fact that they can be combined to evaluate a more complex formula. Nomographs for complex arithmetical expressions have been developed (108). 

These diagrams focus on the temporal or time relationships of operations and they can be used to solve resource allocation problems, to determine whether there is any potential for time stress, and to consider alternative work methods in the execution of a procedure. An example drawn from traditional industrial engineering methods is shown in Figure 4.7. The chart is used to analyze the interaction between people and equipment. As indicated in the summary portion of this chart, there is a high proportion of idle time which would probably indicate the use of alternative procedures in the execution of this task. The chart enables the analyst to see the relationships among the activities of the different components in planning such alternatives. 

Plots of the properties of various substances as well as tables and charts are extremely useful in solving engineering thermodynamic problems. Two-dimensional representations of processes on P-V, T-S, or H-S diagrams are especially useful in analyzing cyclical processes. The use of the P-V diagram was illustrated earlier. A typical T-S diagram for a Rankine vapor power cycle is depicted in Figure 2-36. 

Algorithm Also known as a flow chart. It is an abstract description of a procedure or a program. A specified, step-by-step procedure for performing a task that will lead to a correct answer or solving a problem. 

---