Solvent number

Source Reference 49 except as noted. "Solvent numbers as in Table 8-2. From Reference 50. 

Table 2 gives a summary of results70,71 which provide the solvent number r at which simple solvent loss and charge reduction become competitive. Charge reduction becomes dominant for solvent numbers lower than r. Ion clusters for... 

Solvent number Row means Solvent number Row means... 

Solvent number Row diffs Solvent number Row diffs... 

Solvent number Row diff. from grand mean Solvent number Row diff from grand mean... 

Sample Extraction solvent Number Range Mean... 

If we now plot the percent yield vs. the solvent number, we will get the response surface shown in Figure 2.11. There seems to be a trend toward higher yield with increasing solvent number, but such a trend must be meaningless it is difficult to imagine how an arbitrarily assigned number could possibly influence the yield of a chemical reaction. If a relationship does appear to exist between yield and solvent number, it must be entirely accidental - the variation in response is probably caused by some other property of the solvents. 

The discrete factor solvent number is recognized as a simple bookkeeping designation. We can replace it with the continuous factor dipole moment expressed on a ratio scale and obtain, finally, the response surface shown in Figure 2.13. A special note of caution is in order. Even when data such as that shown in Figure 2.13 is obtained, the suspected property might not be responsible for the observed effect it may well be that a different, correlated property is the true cause (see Section 1.2 on masquerading factors). 

Suppose, by chance (one in 362,880) you happened to assign the letters H, C, I, D, G, B, F, A, E to the solvents numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 in Figure 2.11. If these solvents and their percent yield responses were listed in alphabetical order A-I, and a plot of percent yield vs. solvent letter were made, what naive conclusion might be drawn ... 

Fig. 4.26 Distribution constant Kj c for metal diacetylacetonates, MA2, between organic solvents and 1 M NaC104 as a function of temperature Cu(II) (open circles) and Zn(II) (solid circles) with various solvents (numbers refer to the solvents given in Table 4.10). (From Ref. 36.)... 

Amine/Amide R2Mg Solvent number Product erence... 

The experimental results are summarized for each series (the series numbers correspond to the respective solvent numbers) in Table I. The first column is simply for reference, and the second is the normality of the lithium bromide. The third column gives the experimental equivalent conductance as calculated from the corrected specific conductances. 

If we now plot the percent yield vs. the solvent number, we will get the response surface shown in Figure 2.11. There seems to be a trend toward higher yield with... 

When arranged according to increasing dipole moment, the solvents are ordered 1, 7, 4, 2, 8, 6, 9, 5, 3. Figure 2.12 plots percent yield as a function of these reordered solvent numbers and suggests a discrete view of an underlying smooth functional relationship that might exist between percent yield and dipole moment. 

The discrete factor solvent number is recognized as a simple bookkeeping designation. We can replace it with the continuous factor dipole moment and obtain, finally, the response surface shown in Figure 2.13. 

Alkyl/alkoxide metathesis employing OfBu as alkoxide component revealed to be even more complicated and unpredictable [222-224]. The reactivity of well-characterized (CpR)3 Ln(OtBu)/ species towards alkali metal alkyls seems to be quite sensitive to specific reaction conditions, including choice of solvent, number and type of cyclopentadienyl co-ligands or reaction temperature. 

Figure 7. The Kamlet—Taft n parameter vs. solvent number density. Select molecular solvents possess little or no capacity for hydrogen bonding, and their interactions are controlled by electrostatics. Ionic liquids are categorized based on whether they possess a cyclic cation or an alkylammonium cation. A wide range of anions are employed in both categories, and no attempt is made to restrict specific interactions. Taken from Ref. [239]...

Cydk hexap tide Solvent Numbers and diatacteristics of confonnation... 

Solvent Number of signals at 300K n[K] AGi" [kcal/mol] AGi" [kcal/mol]... 

Solvent Number of different solvents Overall estimated recovery efficiency Energy for solvent recovery Mass intensity net of solvent recovery No % MJ/kg kg/kg... 

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