Solvated electron solutions

Teledyne Commodore Fluid-jet cutting access and drain agent wash out energetics with ammonia. Solvated electron process in ammonia for reduction chemical oxidation with sodium persulfate. Solvated electron process in ammonia for reduction chemical oxidation with sodium persulfate. Wash in solvated electron solution oxidation to 3X C ship to Rock Island Arsenal for 5X treatment. Crushed or shredded treated in solvated electron solution shipped to landfill. 

Electron photoemission from solvated electron solution (in solvents such as hexa-methylphosphotriamide and liquid ammonia the solvated electrons are fairly stable) to vapour phase has been studied by Delahay and co-workers (whose works are reviewed in Ref. ). According to them, this process proceeds in three stages solvated electron photoionization diffusion of generated delocalized electrons to the solution s surface and emission proper, i.e. transition of electrons to the vapour phase where they are transferred from the cathode surface (i.e., from the solution) to the anode by the external electric field. 

Finally, in the solvated electron solution/vapour system electronic emission can occur in the equilibrium manner, i.e., as thermoionic emission... 

Table 1 summarizes the basic relationships that link energy characteristics of excess electrons with the values measured by the aforementioned methods (see also Fig. 1). In the equations given therein, i.e. in Eqs. (5) and (6) w , w , and w denote respectively metal-to-vacuum, metal-to-solution, and solution-to-vacuum photoemission work functions AT is the Volta potential difference for a metal-solution system Eg is the equilibrium potential of the electrode in solvated electron solution and il(RE) is the Fermi level of the reference electrode. Equation (6) is approximate (see above) because the solvated electron entropy has not been taken into consideration. The main error in equating the heat of electron solvation and the activation energy of the thermoemission current for the solvated electron solution is caused by the variation in the solution s surface potential with temperature apparently, here specific adsorption of solvated electrons (or of an alkali metal) on the solution/vapour interface makes major contribution to the surface potential . This error can be probably neglected if measurements are taken in very dilute solutions (<10 mol/1, see ) of the alkali metal. This follows from the dependence measured in between thermoemission current and the concentration of sodium in hexamethylphosphotriamide. 

In it has been pointed out that for a certain approximation the activation energy of the electron thermoemission from a solvated electron solution to a vapour phase can be taken as the (real) heat of solvation. (The sources of possible inaccuracy that appears with this assumption are discussed above, see p. 158). This activation energy equals 0.74 eV . The value 0.5 eV seems to be more substantiated nonetheless, the difference (0.2 eV) between these two values is the maximum error that occurs in such calculations, however inaccurate the estimation of effective mass of a delocalized electron may be. 

Transitions complying with photoionization of the localized states apparently do not show up in the absorption spectrum of solvated electron solutions in hexamethylphosphotriamide. Most likely this is explained by a relatively small photoioni-... 

Such a marked difference in the properties of solvated electron solutions in liquid ammonia and other solvents should be attributed to the extremely high donor number of ammonia (Table 3) and this shifts the equilibrium of Eq. (8) towards the cation. 

Alkali or alkaline metals dissolve readily in liquid ammonia to give blue solutions of die metal cation and solvated electrons. Independendy,our group and Commodor Solution Technologies reasoned diat solvated electron solutions would rapidly dechlorinate chlorinated organics and this... 

The amount of sodium required to reach the same degree of decontamination of polluted soils was frequently higher when Na was first dissolved in NH3/ followed by slurrying the soil.. During the time it takes for the NHj/solvated electron solution diffuse into the soil (or for intercalated toxic conq>ounds to extract into the NH3), cotq>etitive reactions of solvated electrons with H2O or NH3 (catalyzed by Fe or dissolved O2) occur. 

The facile dechlorination of the comer chlorines of the pesticide Mirex, 2, is of particular interest. These chlorines cannot be removed by nucleophilic substitution because nucleophiles cannot get inside the cage to approach carbon from the backside in Sn2 reactions. Elimination reactions are also in ossible since double bonds from these comer carbons can t be formed due to the constrained geometry. However, solvated electron solutions readily and conq>letely dechlorinate Mirex. ... 

---