Factors affecting solubilization

The configuration of the molecule can also be another factor affecting the degree of micellarization of a compound in the lumen. For instance, cis isomers of P-carotene present a greater solubilization in mixed micelles in vitr(f and in the duodenal micellar phase in vivo than all-trans P-carotene. Despite their higher efficiency of micellarization, cis isomers of p-carotene are less absorbed by Caco-2 cells and also in vivo than the all-trans forms. 

The amount of water solubilized in a reverse micelle solution is commonly referred to as W, the molar ratio of water to surfactant, and this is also a good qualitative indicator of micelle size. This is an extremely important parameter since it will determine the number of surfactant molecules per micelle and is the main factor affecting micelle size. For an (AOT)/iso-octane/H20 system, the maximum Wq is around 60 [16], and above this value the transparent reverse micelle solution becomes a turbid emulsion, and phase separation may occur. The effect of salt type and concentration on water solubilization is important. Cations with a smaller hydration size, but the same ionic charge, result in less solubilization than cations with a large hydration size [17,18]. Micelle size depends on the salt type and concentration, solvent, surfactant type and concentration, and also temperature. 

Factors Affecting Micellization and Micellar Solubilization Temperature... 

Abdel-Rahman, A. A., A. E. Aboutaleb, and E. M. Samy. 1991. Factors affecting chloideazepoxide solubilization by nonionic surfactantfiull. Pharm. Sci. Assiut University. 14 35-45. 

In the study of nonaqueous electrolytes, the ion-pair effect is a sevae factor affecting ion conduction. The degree of association of salts in nonaqueous solvents (or the solubilizing ability of the different solvents toward the salt) is often estimated by comparing the Walden product, that is, Arf. Justify this method and explain what hypothesis is included and how it holds. (Xu)... 

Abdel Rahman AA, Aboutaleb AE, Sarny EM. Factors affecting chlordiazepoxide solubilization by non-ionic surfactants. Bull Pharm Sci 1991 14(1-2) 35 5. 

Solubilization of colloidal calcium phosphate, which, among other factors, affects curd (cheese) texture, stretchability, and meltability. 

FACTORS AFFECTING WATER SOLUBILIZATION IN REVERSE MICELLES... 

The excess of solubilization can be measured as a function of the nature of the oil, the salinity and the surfactant concentration. All of these factors affect the bending ability of the interface. The partition coefficient can therefore be related to the variation of the curvature of the interface. 

Several factors affect the extent of solubilization such as the structure of the molecule, the structure of the surfactant, temperature and addition of electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. With nonpolar compounds, solubilzation increases with increase of the alkyl chain length of the surfactant. For the same alkyl chain length solubilization increases in the order anionic < cationic < nonionic. Increase in temperature increases the solubility of the compound and this results in increase of solubilization. Most electrolytes lower the CMC of the surfactant and they may increase the aggregation number (and size) of the micelle. This results in an increase of solubilization. 

The history of solubilization research in the first half of the twentieth century has beeu extensively reviewed, and several pertinent references are listed in the Bibliography. A discussion of some important results can be found in the work of Elworthy, et. al., which also includes a description of many of the experimental techniques that have been developed for investigations into the factors affecting the process. 

Methyl parathion is only slightly soluble in pH 7 water (55-60 ppm). This affects its mobility in water and its ability to be leached or solubilized into the water phase of a soil-water system. Factors most likely to affect the adsorption of methyl parathion in soil are organic matter content and cation exchange capacity. In soils of low organic matter (e.g., subsurface soils), calcium concentration, which affects the hardness of the water, may also be important (Reddy and Gambrell 1987). Several studies have shown... 

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