Lignin natural

Ralph J, Lundquist K, Brunow G et al (2004) Lignins natural polymers from oxidative coupling of 4-hydroxyphenylpropanoids. Phytochem Rev 3 29-60... 

The similarity of the two spectra in Figure 12 confirms the lignin nature of the water-insoluble substance. 

Lignins natural polymers from oxidative coupling of 4-hydroxy-phenylpropanoids, Phytochem. 3 29-60. 

Dizhbite, T., Telyesheva, G., Jurkjane, V., Viesturs, U. Characterization of the radical scavenging activity of lignins-natural antioxidants. Bioresour. Technol. 95, 309-317 (2004)... 

Recent basic research has turned up new approaches for innovative materials combining elements of, and integrating the advantages of, wood and synthetic plastics. Lignin is one of the main components of this new class of plastic-like, wood-like biocomposites. The resulting mixture of lignin, natural fibers, and additives is a compound processable as a thermoplastic. The processed materials are short fiber composites. Arboform is a trade name for this class of compounds. 

Figure 5.15 HPH-lignin and test material samples composed of HPH-lignin, natural fibres and natural additives obtained by injection moulding. ( Fraunhofer ICT, 2013.)...

Polymers may also be obtained from another source—nature. Cellulose, the principal constituent of cotton and a major constituent of wood, is a polymer. So also are lignin, natural rubber, gutta percha and proteins. Sand (silica) may be considered as an inorganic polymer. Whilst many of these are of value unmodified, some, like cellulose, cannot be consider as plastics in their natural state, but if chemically modified by man useful plastics materials such as cellulose acetate, celluloid and ethyl cellulose may be obtained. 

Guigo N, Vincent L, Mija A et al (2009) Iimovative green nanocomposites based on silieate clays/lignin/natural fibres. Compos Sei Teehnol 69 1979-1984... 

Boerjan W, Ralph J, Baucher M (2003) Lignin biosynthesis. Annu Rev Plant Biol 54 519-549 Ralph J, Lundquist K, Brunow G, Lu F, Kim H, Schatz PF, Marita JM, Hatfield RD, Ralph SA, Christensen JH, Boerjan W (2004) Lignins natural polymers from oxidative coupling of 4-hydroxyphenylpropanoids. Phytochem Rev 3 29-60... 

Along with cellulose and lignin, natural alkenes are readily prevalent in trees and are readily available in the thousands of tons and upwards at the large scale lumber processing plants. 

The hgnin role in PO blends depends on the lignin nature, provenance and content. Due to its phenolpro-panoidic structure similar to that of hindered phenols it can act as a stabihzer [78] or initiator of PO degradation [79]. 

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