Solid research/development

Recent research development of hydrodynamics and heat and mass transfer in inverse and circulating three-phase fluidized beds for waste water treatment is summarized. The three-phase (gas-liquid-solid) fluidized bed can be utilized for catalytic and photo-catalytic gas-liquid reactions such as chemical, biochemical, biofilm and electrode reactions. For the more effective treatment of wastewater, recently, new processing modes such as the inverse and circulation fluidization have been developed and adopted to circumvent the conventional three-phase fluidized bed reactors [1-6]. 

No necessity for scale-up experiments The granulation and drying of subunits of 7-9 kg, instead of a whole batch, gives the possibility to use the plant for laboratory and production scale, because the batch size is no longer characterized by the machine size, but by the number of produced subunits. Using the same plant in Galenical research, development and production may shorten the time to market for new solids specialties. 

Kanakia, M.D. and Peterson, M.B., Literature Review of Solid Lubrication Mechanisms, Interim Report BFLRF No. 213, US Army Belvoir Research Development and Engineering Center, November, 1986. (AD A185010). 

Inasmuch as catalytic chemistry involves very special chemical complexes, in small concentrations, and in special places like only the surface of a solid, the development of new techniques suitable for the development of new information is always of great importance to the field. The development of low energy electron diffraction by back-reflection from surfaces to a new and powerful research tool (L. H. Germer) marks a recent such advance reported in this volume. It presents another potentially important route to direct inspection of the structural detail of the surface of X or the complexes AX, on solids. 

Municipal, commercial and light industrial waste is converted to energy daily in about 450 mass burning facilities worldwide. Of these, less than 20 operate in the U.S.A. Realizing this fact, Steve Levy and David Sussman of the U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste developed a study program titled, "Evaluation of European Refuse Fired Energy Systems Design Practices." This paper presents research conclusions. 

PRIMA) entropy method from powder diffraction data, F. Izumi and R. A. Dilanian, in Recent Research Developments in Physics, Transworld Research Network, Trivandrum, 2002, Vol. 3, Part II, pp. 699 726 and Beyond the ability of Rietveld analysis MEM based pattern fitting, F. Izumi, Solid State Ionics, 2004, 172, 1 6 ... 

Recent amendments to the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Act have discouraged the disposal of dioxin-containing wastes on land and encouraged the development of unique treatment technologies. The 1984 Amendments make provisions for the waiver of research development and demonstration (RD D) permit requirements by Environmental Protection Agency regional administrators to facilitate and expedite critically needed research (pilot-scale and prototype testing). 

Memorandum from Marcia E. Williams, Director, Office of Solid Waste, to Hazardous Waste Division Directors, Hazardous Waste Branch Chiefs, Hazardous Waste Section Chiefs, Regions I-X, Oct 3, 1985, Subject Research, Development, and Demonstration (RD D) Permits. 

U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste, Guidance Manual for Research, Development, and Demonstration Permits Under 40 CRD S ection 270.65, EPA/530-SW-86-008,"July 1986, NTIS Number PB86-229f92. 

Studies in solid state ionics, high temperature electrochemistry and fuel cells have been financed at EPFL by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, by the Federal Office of Education and Science for participation in European Union research projects, and by the National Priority Programme for Materials (now terminated). The work continues in the context of the International Energy Agency programme for research, development and demonstration of advanced fuel cells, and of the European Science Foundation consortium OSSEP. 

Recent Research Developments in Non-Crystalline Solids, Transworld Research Network,... 

The second phase of the solid sorbent development was conducted at the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) (3) where many aromatic polyimides were synthesized with the objective of finding a solid sorbent or sorbents that collect VOCs in ambient air. Four polyimides met the study objectives and will be further tested. 

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