Solid Phase Process

We studied the polyamidation in the solid phase process of nylon 4,6, which has a high melting transition (264 - 320 C) and... 

Gas-liquid relationships, in the geochemical sense, should be considered liquid-solid-gas interactions in the subsurface. The subsurface gas phase is composed of a mixture of gases with various properties, usually found in the free pore spaces of the solid phase. Processes involved in the gas-liquid and gas-solid interface interactions are controlled by factors such as vapor pressure-volatilization, adsorption, solubility, pressure, and temperature. The solubility of a pure gas in a closed system containing water reaches an equilibrium concentration at a constant pressure and temperature. A gas-liquid equilibrium may be described by a partition coefficient, relative volatilization and Henry s law. 

The Merrifield solid-phase process for synthesizing peptides ... 

Just as improvements have been made in classical solution-phase protein synthesis (see Section 5.1.7), so have important and effective improvements been made in solid-phase synthetic methodology. These improvements have enhanced the ease and speed of synthesis, the quality and yields of products, and the size of proteins accessible to chemical synthesis. [181 Numerous laboratories have studied each of the steps in the solid-phase process and the details of the changes are described in detail in other sections of this volume (see Vol. E22a, Section 4.3). Briefly, the following modifications have been forthcoming ... 

A number of methods have been proposed for the synthesis of HAP, which can be classified into two types [221] solid phase processes and aqua phase ones. 

This reaction requires very high temperature and the conversion that can be achieved is relatively low. The improved solid phase process is hydrothermal synthesis, in which the mixture of Ca3(P04)2 and Ca(OH)2 or CaC03 is calcined under the condition of steam passing through the material bed [215, 222], and the following reactions occur ... 

Substantial differences between solid-phase reactions and hydrothermal synthesis reactions have been stated in numerous investigations. In solid-phase processes, the sequence of intermediate products formation does not depend on reagents ratio in the initial mixture, and the excess product appears to be a compound with the highest crystallization temperature. On contrary, for the formation of a definite product by hydrothermal synthesis, the initial mixture should contain reagents at an exact stoichiometric ratio [19,20]. In solid-phase reactions, the interaction rate is determined by the rate of diffusion processes, while in hydrothermal processes the determining factor is the rate of dissolution of the initial products in the water. Water simplifies diffusion transport of particles in the system the formation of nuclei and crystal growth occur faster than in solids. 

A fluorous phase Pummerer reaction was introduced by Procter. This report was based on the need to address problems associated with difficulties in optimization and monitoring of solid-phase processes. Good to excellent yields of heterocyclic scaffolds, mainly oxindoles, were reported after the development of a high-throughput fluorous phase synthesis strategy. 

Ward, I.M. Coates, P.D. Dumolin, M.M., Eds. Solid Phase Processing of Polymers, Hanser Gardner Publications, Inc. Cincinnati, Ohio,... 

Lemstra, P.J. Bastiaansen, C.W.M. Peijs, T. Jacobs, M.J.N. Fibres based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene—processing and applications. In Solid Phase Processing of Polymers, Ward, I.M., Coates, P.D., Dumolin, M.M., Eds. Hanser Gardner Publications, Inc. Cincinnati, Ohio, 2000 Section 5.3, 173 pp. 

Since very little RDX decomposes in the solid phase, due to its low temperature conditions, only the energy conservation equation that includes both conductive and radiative heat transfer is required to model the solid-phase processes. The equation takes the form... 

Surface diffusion as a solid-phase process is conceptually similar to those discussed above, except that it involves the movement of heteroatoms rather than carbon atoms. Oxygen and hydrogen are of special interest, because of the widely documented importance of their spillover on the carbon surface. Indeed, the phenomenon of spillover was first observed on the surface of a channel carbon black [238]. 

M. Jaffe and W. Bessey, Solid phase processing of polymers, in I. Ward, P. Coates, and M. Dumoulin (eds.). Solid State Processing of Polymers, Carl Hauser Verlag, Munich, 2000. 

Year Solid Phase Processes Fibers Chapter Ref. 

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