Solid/liquid separation filtration fundamentals

Chen, W. 2002. Solid/liquid separation fundamentals and practice. AIChE Today Series. New York AIChE. Chen, W. 2004. The Use of Hydrocyclone Models in lYactical Design. 9th World Filtration Congress, New Orleans, LA, April 19-22. 

Thirdly, there are those chapters which only needed minor updating and amendments. These include Characterization of Particles Suspended in Liquids, Efficiency of Separation of Particles from Fluids, Hydrocyclones, Separation by Centrifugal Sedimentation, Filtration Fundamentals, Methods for Limiting Cake Growth, Pressure Filtration, Particle-Huid Interaction, Thermodynamics of Solid-Liquid Separation. 

Under normal conditions, matter can appear in three forms of aggregation solid, liquid, and gas. These forms or physical states are consequences of various interactions between the atomic or molecular species. The interactions are governed by internal chemical properties (various types of bonding) and external physical properties (temperature and pressure). Most small molecules can be transformed between these states (e.g., H2O into ice, water, and steam) by a moderate change of temperature and/or pressure. Between these physical states— or phases—there is a sharp boundary phase boundary), which makes it possible to separate the phases—for example, ice may be removed from water by filtration. The most fundamental of chemical properties is the ability to undergo such phase transformations, the use of which allows the simplest method for isolation of pure compounds from natural materials. 

Particle size, shape, inter-particle forces, zeta potential, liquid surfactant phenomena, and liquid viscosity are important characteristics of a solid-liquid suspending system. Mechanism of flow through porous medium is fundamental to theories of sedimentation, filtration, centrifugation, and expression operations. Most solid-liquid materials are compacti-ble. Unique and strange behavior of pressure filtration of compactible materials has been identified. More attention should be paid for separation of those materials. 

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