Anion Anionic

Class anionic anionic anionic anionic anionic anionic anionic nonionic... 

Chemistry Free radical Free radical Anionic Anionic Anionic Anionic... 

In 1973 Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer (1914-1997) imdertook an attempt to take into accoimt these interactions in the solution s composition. He included binary interaction cation-anion, anion-anion, cation-cation, cation-neutral component, anion-neutral component, neutral component-neutral component and triple interaction cation-cation-anion, anion-anion-cation, etc., for which he expanded first member of equation (1.78) into a series of addends with virial coefficients (Pitzer, 1973). Each of these addends characterizes one type of interaction. His model of more detailed accounting of the interaction between components of water solution is sometimes called the Pitzer model. According to it, equation (1.78) acquired the format of a virial equation of the state of solution, or Pitzer equation with virial coefficients ... 

There are some common complex systems, such as anionic/anionic, anionic/cationic, anionic/ amphoteric, anionic/nonionic, male/non-ionic mixed surfactant and so on. Compared with other combinations, anion/cation, anionic/amphoteric show a better synergistic effect. 

Orthophosphoric Dihydrogen phosphate Monohydrogen phosphate Orthophosphate acid anion anion anion... 

Anion A negatively charged ion in an electrolyte solution, attracted to the anode under the influence of a difference in electrical potential. Chloride is an anion. Anion exchange capacity Sum total of exchangeable anions that a soil can adsorb. Expressed as centimoles of negative charge per kilogram of soil. 

Carbonyl hydrides and carbonylate anions are obtained by reducing neutral carbonyls, as mentioned above, and in addition to mononuclear metal anions, anionic species of very high nuclearity have been obtained, often by thermolysis. These are especially numerous for Rh and in certain Rh, Rh and Rhi5 anions have structures conveniently visualized either as polyhedra encapsulating further metal atoms, or alternatively as arrays of metal atoms forming portions of hexagonal close packed or body... 

The conception of the formation of hetero-ligand complexes and the nature of anion-anion interactions can be clarified using IR spectra of K2TaF7 - KX mixtures, where X = Cl, Br or I [356, 360]. Fig. 78 shows the spectral transformation due to the dilution of molten K2TaF7 with potassium halide. 

In lithium chloride, bromide and iodide, magnesium sulfide and selenide and strontium chloride the inter-atomic distances depend on the anion radius alone, for the anions are in mutual contact the observed anion-anion distances agree satisfactorily with the calculated radii. In lithium fluoride, sodium chloride, bromide and iodide and magnesium oxide the observed anion-cation distances are larger than those calculated because of double repulsion the anions are approaching mutual contact, and the repulsive forces between them as well as those between anion and cation are operative. 

It is furthermore to be anticipated that the cation-cation repulsion will operate in some cases to displace the cations from the centers of their coordinated polyhedra. This action will be large only in case the radius ratio approaches the lower limit for stability, so that the size of the polyhedron is partially determined by the characteristic anion-anion repulsive 21 Linus Pauling, Z. Krist., 67, 377 (1928). 

Besides the numerous examples of anionic/anionic processes, anionic/pericydic domino reactions have become increasingly important and present the second largest group of anionically induced sequences. In contrast, there are only a few examples of anionic/radical, anionic/transition metal-mediated, as well as anionic/re-ductive or anionic/oxidative domino reactions. Anionic/photochemically induced and anionic/enzyme-mediated domino sequences have not been found in the literature during the past few decades. It should be noted that, as a consequence of our definition, anionic/cationic domino processes are not listed, as already stated for cationic/anionic domino processes. Thus, these reactions would require an oxidative and reductive step, respectively, which would be discussed under oxidative or reductive processes. 

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